Silicon-based microelectrodes for neurophysiology, micromachined from silicon-on-insulator wafers

Ensell, G.; Banks, D.; Richards, P.R.; Balachandran, W.; Ewins, D. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02344773

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Silicon-based multichannel electrode arrays (Campbell et al 1991;Drake et al 1988;Ensell et al 2000;Kewley et al 1997;Kovacs et al 1994;Norlin et al 2002;Spence et al 2003;Wise and Najafi 1991;Yoon et al 2000), or polytrodes, afford electrophysiological recording capabilities beyond those of conventional single-unit or multiple wire electrodes. As with stereotrodes (McNaughton et al 1983) and tetrodes (Wilson and McNaughton 1993), polytrodes are designed to make extracellular multiunit recordings from adjacent active neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Polytrodes: High-Density Silicon Electrode Arrays for Large-Scale Multiunit Recording

Blanche¹,

Spacek²,

Hetke³

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

255

253

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We developed a variety of 54-channel high-density silicon electrode arrays (polytrodes) designed to record from large numbers of neurons spanning millimeters of brain. In cat visual cortex, it was possible to make simultaneous recordings from >100 well-isolated neurons. Using standard clustering methods, polytrodes provide a quality of single-unit isolation that surpasses that attainable with tetrodes. Guidelines for successful in vivo recording and precise electrode positioning are described. We also describe a high-bandwidth continuous data-acquisition system designed specifically for polytrodes and an automated impedance meter for testing polytrode site integrity. Despite having smaller interconnect pitches than earlier silicon-based electrodes of this type, these polytrodes have negligible channel crosstalk, comparable reliability, and low site impedances and are capable of making high-fidelity multiunit recordings with minimal tissue damage. The relatively benign nature of planar electrode arrays is evident both histologically and in experiments where the polytrode was repeatedly advanced and retracted hundreds of microns over periods of many hours. It was possible to maintain stable recordings from active neurons adjacent to the polytrode without change in their absolute positions, neurophysiological or receptive field properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Polytrodes: High-Density Silicon Electrode Arrays for Large-Scale Multiunit Recording

Blanche¹,

Spacek²,

Hetke³

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

255

253

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For the latter, different approaches are applied to structure the microprobes. These include boron-doping used as wet etch-stop (Wise et al, 1970;Najafi et al, 1985;Takahashi and Matsuo, 1984;Leong et al, 1990), combined dry and wet etching of silicon (Kewley et al, 1997;Yoon et al, 2000), or only dry etching procedures (Errachid et al, 2001;Wassum et al, 2008;Herwik et al, 2009) including also the use of SOI substrates (Ensell et al, 2000;Norlin et al, 2002;Cheung et al, 2003). Each probe is patterned with multiple thin-film electrodes along the length of the shaft adapted to specific experimental requirements and allows parallel recordings from several sites on a single, implanted microprobe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enzyme-based choline and l-glutamate biosensor electrodes on silicon microprobe arrays

Frey

Holtzman

McNamara

et al. 2010

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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“…In addition, an insulating layer between the metal and the silicon substrate may be necessary to reduce electrical cross-talk between adjacent recording sites because silicon is a semiconductor [121], [133]- [137]. The semiconductor properties of silicon can be altered by doping [124], [125], [137]. Silicon is very compatible with on-board circuitry.…”

Section: B Silicon-based Microelectrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Neurotechnology on Rehabilitation

Berger

Gerhardt

Liker

et al. 2008

IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng.

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This paper present results of a multi-disciplinary project that is developing a microchip-based neural prosthesis for the hippocampus, a region of the brain responsible for the formation of long-term memories. Damage to the hippocampus is frequently associated with epilepsy, stroke, and dementia (Alzheimer's disease) and is considered to underlie the memory deficits related to these neurological conditions. The essential goals of the multi-laboratory effort include: (1) experimental study of neuron and neural network function--how does the hippocampus encode information? (2) formulation of biologically realistic models of neural system dynamics--can that encoding process be described mathematically to realize a predictive model of how the hippocampus responds to any event? (3) microchip implementation of neural system models--can the mathematical model be realized as a set of electronic circuits to achieve parallel processing, rapid computational speed, and miniaturization? and (4) creation of hybrid neuron-silicon interfaces-can structural and functional connections between electronic devices and neural tissue be achieved for long-term, bi-directional communication with the brain? By integrating solutions to these component problems, we are realizing a microchip-based model of hippocampal nonlinear dynamics that can perform the same function as part of the hippocampus. Through bi-directional communication with other neural tissue that normally provides the inputs and outputs to/from a damaged hippocampal area, the biomimetic model could serve as a neural prosthesis. A proof-of-concept will be presented in which the CA3 region of the hippocampal slice is surgically removed and is replaced by a microchip model of CA3 nonlinear dynamics--the "hybrid" hippocampal circuit displays normal physiological properties. How the work in brain slices is being extended to behaving animals also will be described.

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Silicon-based microelectrodes for neurophysiology, micromachined from silicon-on-insulator wafers

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Polytrodes: High-Density Silicon Electrode Arrays for Large-Scale Multiunit Recording

Polytrodes: High-Density Silicon Electrode Arrays for Large-Scale Multiunit Recording

Enzyme-based choline and l-glutamate biosensor electrodes on silicon microprobe arrays

The Impact of Neurotechnology on Rehabilitation

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