Silica Deposition in Some C3 and C4 Species of Grasses, Sedges and Composites in the USA

Lanning, F. C.; Eleuterius, Lionel N.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087858

Cited by 57 publications

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“…In addition, Rajbhandari & Ohba (1988) analyzed twenty-six species of Kobresia based on "silica cells, " but lacked a method for identifying silicon. Other works, which include more specifi c methods also relate only to the "silica cells", such as Lanning & Eleuterius (1989), who carried out X-ray analyses of Rhynchospora plumosa and Scirpus cyperius Bruhl (1995) and studied numerous Cyperaceae leaves detailing the epidermis and making several records about the "silica cells". More recently, Prychid et al (2003), in an article on silica in monocots, reported only "silica cells" in Cyperaceae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon location through backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis in leaves of Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae)

Estelita

Rodrigues

2012

Acta Bot. Bras.

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Silicon location through backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis in leaves of Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae) RESUMO (Localização de sílica por elétrons retroespalhados em folhas de Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae)). As Cyperaceae têm a capacidade de incorporação do ácido silícico mediante depósito de sílica coloidal, que é registrada pela ocorrência de projeções sob a forma de cones, nas paredes tangenciais internas de determinadas células epidérmicas ou "células de sílica". Folhas de C. ligularis e R. aberrans foram analisadas pela técnica de elétrons retroespalhados. C. ligularis além de acumular sílica nas "células de sílica", acumula também em alguns estômatos, nos tricomas e nas paredes das células que contornam as cavidades do aerênquima. Este último apresenta formas diversas, entretanto, as células que se localizam junto aos feixes vasculares mostram projeções cô-nicas, semelhantes àquelas da epiderme. R. aberrans contém "células de silica" cujas projeções cônicas têm "satélites". A sílica também ocorre em estômatos específi cos e em células epidérmicas contíguas aos mesmos. Constata-se que a deposição de sílica ocorre tanto em combinação com a parede (sem modifi cações estruturais aparentes), como em estruturas de secreção da mesma, ou seja, projeções da parede. Essas variações de ocorrência estrutural e de localização nas espécies devem estar relacionadas com a funcionalidade, fatores ambientais, com destaque ao solo, além da relação com grupos taxonômicos. Palavras-chave: estômatos, células epidérmicas, tricomas, parede celularMaria Emília Maranhão Estelita 1,3 and Ana Claudia Rodrigues 2 ABSTRACT (Silicon location through backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis in leaves of Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae)). Th e Cyperaceae show the ability to incorporate silicon by depositing colloidal silica, which is recorded by the occurrence of projections in the form of cones, in inner tangential walls of some epidermal cells or "silica cells". Leaves of C. ligularis and R. aberrans were analyzed through the technique of electron backscatter. Cyperus ligularis accumulates silica, in addition to "silica cells", in some stomata, trichomes and the cell walls that surround the cavities of the aerenchyma. Th e silica in the latter occurs in various forms; however, the cells located near the vascular bundles have conical projections, similar to those of the epidermis. Rhynchospora aberrans presents "silica cells" whose projections have tapered "satellites". In this species, silica also occurs in stomata and certain epidermal cells adjacent to them. It appears that the silicon deposition occurs in combination with the wall (with no apparent structural changes), and structures of secretion, or projections of the wall. Th ese structural changes in the species, and location, are probably related to functional and environmental factors, especially the soil, in addition to r...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon location through backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis in leaves of Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae)

Estelita

Rodrigues

2012

Acta Bot. Bras.

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“…ηH 2 O, 'opal' ) or as socalled opal phytoliths with distinct threedimensional shapes (Parry and Smithson, 1964). The preferential deposition of Si in the apoplasm of epidermal cells and trichomes is reflected in similarities between surface features of leaf and structure of Si deposits (Lanning and Eleuterius, 1989). The epidermal cell walls are impregnated with a firm layer of Si and become effective barriers against both fungal infections and water loss by cuticular transpiration.…”

Section: Silicon Nutrition In Sugarcanementioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon nutrition and sugarcane production: A review¹

Savant¹,

Korndörfer

Datnoff

et al. 1999

Journal of Plant Nutrition

336

219

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Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant elements found in the earth's crust, but is mostly inert and only slightly soluble. Agriculture activity tends to remove large q uantities of Si from soil. Sugarcane is known to absorb more Si than any other mineral nutrient, accumulating approximately 380 kg ha -1 of Si, in a 12-month old crop. Sugarcane (plant growth and development) responses to silicon fertilization have been documented in some areas of the world, and applications on commercial fields are routine in certain areas. The reason for this plant response or yield increase is not fully understood, but several mechanisms have been proposed. Some studies indicate that sugarcane yield responses to silicon may be associated with induced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, such as disease and pest resistance, Al, Mn and Fe toxicity alleviation, increased P availability, reduced lodging, improved leaf and stalk erectness, freeze resistance, and improvement in plant water economy. This review covers the relationship of silicon to sugarcane crop production, including recommendations on how to best manage silicon in soils and plants, silicon interactions with others elements, and laboratory methodology for determining silicon in the soil, plant and fertilizer. In addition, a future research agenda for silicon in sugarcane is proposed.

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“…In plants without Si application to the substrate, no Si accumulation was detected by EDS in any of the trichomes or in other epidermal cells (Figure 2). Lanning and Eleuterius (1989) found Si accumulated in leaf trichomes of three species of the genus Helianthus, particularly in the species Helianthus tuberosus. Frantz et al (2008) stated that the location of Si accumulation varies according to the ornamental species, with the highest accumulation rates in the trichomes and in the margins of the leaf blade.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Leaf anatomy and gas exchange of ornamental sunflower in response to silicon application

Júnior¹,

Venegas²,

Fontes³

et al. 2017

Biosci. J.

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Silicon applied to substrate for greenhouse cultivation of ornamental pot plants can improve the yield and quality of the ornamental product; however, the possible anatomical and physiological changes caused by Si have to be assessed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange rates and leaf anatomy of ornamental sunflower 'Sunbright' grown on a substrate amended with Si. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, and the treatments consisted of sunflower plants cultivated in pots containing 600 g substrate fertilized with Si at rates of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 g kg -1 . The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design and four replications. Samples from the middle region of leaf blades in the sixth pair from the apex were collected and analyzed morphometrically. Epidermal trichomes were analyzed using diaphanization and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The following traits were determined: leaf blade thickness, palisade and spongy parenchyma thickness, mesophyll thickness, and abaxial and adaxial epidermis thickness. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rates were determined in the fifth leaf at the beginning of the flowering stage by an infrared gas analyzer. The data were subjected to ANOVA and regression analyses. The results indicate that the ornamental sunflower 'Sunbright' accumulates Si in leaf trichomes, and that leaf thickness is not affected by Si application to the substrate; however, transpiration rates decrease while net photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance increase in response to Si application.

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Silica Deposition in Some C3 and C4 Species of Grasses, Sedges and Composites in the USA

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Silicon location through backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis in leaves of Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae)

Silicon location through backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis in leaves of Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae)

Silicon nutrition and sugarcane production: A review¹

Leaf anatomy and gas exchange of ornamental sunflower in response to silicon application

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Silica Deposition in Some C3 and C4 Species of Grasses, Sedges and Composites in the USA

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Silicon location through backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis in leaves of Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae)

Silicon location through backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis in leaves of Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae)

Silicon nutrition and sugarcane production: A review1

Leaf anatomy and gas exchange of ornamental sunflower in response to silicon application

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Silicon nutrition and sugarcane production: A review¹