Silica‐based Nanoparticles for Enzyme Immobilization and Delivery

Abstract

Enzymes play an indispensable role in biosystems, catalyzing a variety of chemical and biochemical reactions with exceptionally high efficiency and selectivity. These features render them uniquely positioned in developing novel catalytic systems and therapeutics. However, their practical application is largely hindered by the vulnerability, low reusability and the inability to overcome the biological barriers of enzymes. Silica‐based nanoparticles (SNPs) are a classic family of nanomaterials with tunable physicochemical properties, making them ideal candidates to address the intrinsic shortcomings of natural enzymes. SNPs not only improve the activity and durability of enzymes, but also provide precise spatiotemporal control over their intracellular as well as systemic biodistributions for boosting the catalytic outcome. Herein, the recent progress in SNPs for enzyme immobilization and delivery is summarized. The therapeutic applications, including cancer therapy and bacterial inhibition, are particularly highlighted. Our perspectives in this field, including current challenges and possible future research directions are also provided.

The Synthesis and Reactivity of Mesoporous and Surface-Rough Vinyl-Containing ORMOSIL Nanoparticles

“…They also possess a high surface area and a reactive silica surface suitable for the attachment of imaging moieties and cancer cell-targeting ligands. Overall, organosilica nanoparticles and particularly those containing reactive functional groups find applications in diverse biomedical fields [80][81][82] as well as in materials [83,84], catalysis [85,86] and environmental remediation [87,88] fields.…”

Nanocatalysts for modulating antitumor immunity: fabrication, mechanisms and applications

“…To overcome this limitation, versatile nanocarriers have been developed to immobilize enzymes and improve their stability. So far, the common nanocarriers include liposomes, 130 metal organic frameworks (MOFs), 131 silica nanoparticles, 132 polymer nanomaterials, 133 and others. 134 The common methods for immobilizing enzymes into these nanocarriers include physical absorption, covalent binding, encapsulation and cross-linking.…”

Effect of Support Matrix and Crosslinking Agents on Nutritional Properties of Orange Juice during Enzyme Clarification: A Comparative Study

“…In this context, the choice of an adequate support matrix is a crucial step in this process, as it directly affects the efficiency and stability of the immobilized enzyme [19]. Chitosan and silica are two commonly used support matrices for enzyme immobilization in juice processing [20][21][22][23][24]. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, has been shown to be an effective support matrix due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to be activated with different reactive moieties able to form stable bonds with enzymes [25,26].…”