Nanocatalysts for modulating antitumor immunity: fabrication, mechanisms and applications
Xianbo Wu,
Yuqing Li,
Mei Wen
et al.
Abstract:This review discusses the structures and engineering strategies of nanocatalysts, highlighting their underlying mechanisms and applications in cancer immunotherapy.
“…[ 1 , 2 , 3 ] Fortunately, the focus of multidisciplinary deep crossover is to design and construct novel biomaterial‐based cancer treatment strategies in preclinical settings, alleviating or even solving the shortcomings of traditional treatment strategies. [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) assisted by sonosensitizers stands out for its noninvasiveness, desired biological tolerability, and high tissue penetration depth. [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] Notably, several concurrent clinical trials (NCT05362409; NCT05580328) are evaluating the antitumor efficacy of sonosensitizer‐mediated SDT, either through monotherapy or synergistic treatment, signifying the substantial clinical promise of SDT.…”
The generally undesirable bandgap and electron–hole complexation of inorganic sonosensitizers limit the efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, affecting the effectiveness of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Comparatively, the novel polyvinylpyrrolidone‐modified copper bismuthate (PCBO) sonosensitizers are manufactured for a “three‐step” SDT promotion. In brief, first, the strong hybridization between Bi 6s and O 2p orbitals in PCBO narrows the bandgap (1.83 eV), facilitating the rapid transfer of charge carriers. Additionally, nonequivalent [CuO4]6− layers reduce crystal symmetry, confer PCBO unique piezoelectricity, and improve electron–hole separation under ultrasonic (US) excitation. This allows PCBO to convert US energy into chemical energy to produce ROS, achieving the accumulation of abundant ROS, resulting in apoptosis and tumor suppression. Concurrently, PCBO also acts as a glutathione scavenger to reduce tumor antioxidant capacity and improve efficacy. To the best of authors understanding, this study reveals PCBO as an innovative piezoelectric sonosensitizer and provides a meaningful paradigm for designing energy conversion strategies for tumor suppression.
“…[ 1 , 2 , 3 ] Fortunately, the focus of multidisciplinary deep crossover is to design and construct novel biomaterial‐based cancer treatment strategies in preclinical settings, alleviating or even solving the shortcomings of traditional treatment strategies. [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ] Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) assisted by sonosensitizers stands out for its noninvasiveness, desired biological tolerability, and high tissue penetration depth. [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] Notably, several concurrent clinical trials (NCT05362409; NCT05580328) are evaluating the antitumor efficacy of sonosensitizer‐mediated SDT, either through monotherapy or synergistic treatment, signifying the substantial clinical promise of SDT.…”
The generally undesirable bandgap and electron–hole complexation of inorganic sonosensitizers limit the efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, affecting the effectiveness of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Comparatively, the novel polyvinylpyrrolidone‐modified copper bismuthate (PCBO) sonosensitizers are manufactured for a “three‐step” SDT promotion. In brief, first, the strong hybridization between Bi 6s and O 2p orbitals in PCBO narrows the bandgap (1.83 eV), facilitating the rapid transfer of charge carriers. Additionally, nonequivalent [CuO4]6− layers reduce crystal symmetry, confer PCBO unique piezoelectricity, and improve electron–hole separation under ultrasonic (US) excitation. This allows PCBO to convert US energy into chemical energy to produce ROS, achieving the accumulation of abundant ROS, resulting in apoptosis and tumor suppression. Concurrently, PCBO also acts as a glutathione scavenger to reduce tumor antioxidant capacity and improve efficacy. To the best of authors understanding, this study reveals PCBO as an innovative piezoelectric sonosensitizer and provides a meaningful paradigm for designing energy conversion strategies for tumor suppression.
Bioorthogonal chemistry has provided an elaborate arsenal to manipulate native biological processes in living systems. As the great advancement of nanotechnology in recent years, bioorthogonal nanozymes are innovated to tackle the challenges that emerged in practical biomedical applications. Bioorthogonal nanozymes are uniquely positioned owing to their advantages of high customizability and tunability, as well as good adaptability to biological systems, which bring exciting opportunities for biomedical applications. More intriguingly, the great advancement in nanotechnology offers an exciting opportunity for innovating bioorthogonal catalytic materials. In this comprehensive review, the significant progresses of bioorthogonal nanozymes are discussed with both spatiotemporal controllability and high performance in living systems, and highlight their design principles and recent rapid applications. The remaining challenges and future perspectives are then outlined along this thriving field. It is expected that this review will inspire and promote the design of novel bioorthogonal nanozymes, and facilitate their clinical translation.
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