Silencing of Phosphoethanolamine <i>N</i>-Methyltransferase Results in Temperature-Sensitive Male Sterility and Salt Hypersensitivity in Arabidopsis

Mou, Zhonglin; Wang, Xiaoqun; Fu, Zhiming; Dai, Ya; Han, Chang; Ouyang, Jie; Bao, Fang; Hu, Yuxin; Li, Jiayang

doi:10.1105/tpc.001701

Cited by 113 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…Two mutants with obviously bushy and dwarf phenotype after flowering were isolated from a mutant collection generated with a sense/antisense RNA expression system (SARE) [44] and were designated as bud1 [45] and bud2-1 (Figure 1), respectively.…”

Section: Isolation and Morphological Characterization Of Bud2 Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

BUD2, encoding an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, is required for Arabidopsis growth and development

et al. 2006

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Polyamines are implicated in regulating various developmental processes in plants, but their exact roles and how they govern these processes still remain elusive. We report here an Arabidopsis bushy and dwarf mutant, bud2, which results from the complete deletion of one member of the small gene family that encodes S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases (SAMDCs) necessary for the formation of the indispensable intermediate in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. The bud2 plant has enlarged vascular systems in inflorescences, roots, and petioles, and an altered homeostasis of polyamines. The double mutant of bud2 and samdc1, a knockdown mutant of another SAMDC member, is embryo lethal, demonstrating that SAMDCs are essential for plant embryogenesis. Our results suggest that polyamines are required for the normal growth and development of higher plants.Cell Research (2006) IntroductionPolyamines, including diamine putrescine, triamine spermidine and tetraamine spermine, are aliphatic nitrogen compounds distributed widely from bacteria to higher plants [1,2] and have been implicated to play important roles in growth and development [3]. At the cellular level, polyamines are organic cations, interacting with the macromolecules that possess anionic groups such as DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins, thereby influencing DNA conformation, gene expression and protein synthesis, and modulating enzyme activity. In higher plants, polyamines are able to affect membrane fluidity by binding to phospholipids in membrane [4] and mediate biotic and abiotic stress responses, such as pathogen infection, osmotic stress, potassium deficiency and wounding [5][6][7][8][9]. Previous observations revealed that polyamines may be involved in a variety of plant developmental processes, such as cell division, root initiation, somatic embryogenesis, xylogenesis, flower development, fruit ripening and senescence [3]. Recent studies have indicated that polyamines also affect the formation of plant architecture, such as internode elongation [10,11], root branching [12] and shoot apical dominance [13].The plant polyamine biosynthetic pathway is relatively simple [14]. Putrescine is derived either from ornithine catalyzed by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) or from arginine through several steps catalyzed by arginine decarboxylase (ADC), agmatine iminohydrolase and N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase. Spermidine and spermine are synthesized from putrescine through spermidine and spermine synthases (SPDS and SPMS) from the donor of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM), which is produced from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) by the action of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC).Although application of inhibitors is very useful in studying the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and in ex- [11,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, no mutant defective in SAMDC has been reported yet, although SAMDC cDNAs were cloned and their transgenic plants have been generated [25][26][27][28][29]. In this paper, we report the isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis...

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Section: Isolation and Morphological Characterization Of Bud2 Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

BUD2, encoding an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, is required for Arabidopsis growth and development

et al. 2006

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“…2, A and B). As described previously (24,25), the atpmt1 mutant displayed a short root phenotype under normal growth conditions and hypersensitivity, as determined by root length, under salt-stress conditions. Comparison of all three lines showed the reported phenotype with atpmt1 and no phenotypic differences with either atpmt2 or atpmt3 under normal conditions (Fig.…”

Section: In Planta Analysis Of Arabidopsis Pmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examination of the role of each AtPMT isoform in Arabidopsis has been limited to the xipotl1 mutant phenotype of atpmt1, which suggests a key role for this enzyme in root development (24,25), and a report of a change in one phospholipid form in atpmt2 knock-out lines (26). For a comparison of the role of each isoform in planta, T-DNA insertion mutants for each atpmt were obtained with the knock-out confirmed by reverse transcript PCR (Fig.…”

Section: In Planta Analysis Of Arabidopsis Pmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent work demonstrated that silencing of atpmt1 resulted in temperature-sensitive male sterility and salt hypersensitivity and that the Arabidopsis xipotl1 mutant, which disrupts atpmt1, is characterized by a short primary root, increased lateral root formation, and short epidermal cells (24,25). Limited analysis of AtPMT2 suggests that this protein may not catalyze the methylation of pEA, but only the conversion of pMME to pCho (26).…”

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Conformational changes in the di-domain structure of Arabidopsis phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase leads to active-site formation

Lee

Jez

2017

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Genetic analysis of the Arabidopsis t365 mutant impaired in the S-adenosyl-Lmethionine:phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMT) gene involved in glycine betaine biosynthesis (Fig. 3) showed hypersensitivity to salt stress (92). Thus, glycine betaine accumulation is critical for salt tolerance.…”

Section: Osmoprotectantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance

Chinnusamy

Zhu

Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods

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INTRODUCTIONSoil salinity of agricultural land has led to the breakdown of ancient civilizations.Even today it threatens agricultural productivity in 77 mha of agricultural land, of which 45 mha (20% of irrigated area) is irrigated and 32 mha (2.1% of dry land) is unirrigated (1). Salinization is further spreading in irrigated land because of improper management of irrigation and drainage. Rain, cyclones and wind also add NaCl into the coastal agricultural land. Soil salinity often leads to the development of other problems in soils such as soil sodicity and alkalinity. Soil sodicity is the result of the binding of Na + to the negatively charged clay particles, which leads to clay swelling and dispersal. Hydrolysis of the Na-clay complex results in soil alkalinity. Thus, soil salinity is a major factor limiting sustainable agriculture.The USDA salinity laboratory defines saline soil as having electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (EC e ) of 4 dS m -1 (1 dS m -1 is approximately equal to 10 mM NaCl) or more. High concentrations of soluble salts such as chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium contribute to the high electrical conductivity of saline soils.NaCl contributes to most of the soluble salts in saline soil.The development of salinity-tolerant crops is the need of the hour to sustain agricultural production. Conventional breeding programs aimed at improving crop tolerance to salinity have limited success because of the complexity of the trait (2). Slow progress in breeding for salt-tolerant crops can be attributed to the poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. Understanding the molecular basis of plant salt tolerance will also help improve drought and extreme-temperature-stress tolerance, since osmotic and oxidative stresses are common to these abiotic stresses. The salt-2 tolerant mechanisms of plants can be broadly described as ion homeostasis, osmotic homeostasis, stress damage control and repair, and growth regulation (3). This chapter reviews recent progress in understanding salt-stress signaling and breeding/genetic engineering for salt -tolerant crops. EFFECT OF SALINITY ON PLANT DEVELOPMENTSalinity affects almost all aspects of plant development, including germination, vegetative growth and reproductive development. Soil salinity imposes ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient (N, Ca, K, P, Fe, Zn) deficiency and oxidative stress on plants.Salinity also indirectly limits plant productivity through its adverse effects on the growth of beneficial and symbiotic microbes. High salt concentrations in soil impose osmotic stress and thus limit water uptake from soil. Sodium accumulation in cell walls can rapidly lead to osmotic stress and cell death (1). Ion toxicity is the result of replacement of K + by Na + in biochemical reactions, and Na + and Cl --induced conformational changes in proteins. For several enzymes, K + acts as cofactor and cannot be substituted by Na + .High K + concentration is also required for binding tRNA to ribosomes and thus protein synt...

show abstract

Silencing of Phosphoethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Results in Temperature-Sensitive Male Sterility and Salt Hypersensitivity in Arabidopsis

Cited by 113 publications

References 49 publications

BUD2, encoding an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, is required for Arabidopsis growth and development

BUD2, encoding an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, is required for Arabidopsis growth and development

Conformational changes in the di-domain structure of Arabidopsis phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase leads to active-site formation

Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance

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