SIKLUS HIDUP LARVA Nyctemera coleta DAN Paliga auratalis SEBAGAI HAMA PADA TANAMAN DAUN SAMBUNG NYAWA (Gynura procumbens)TANAMAN DAUN SAMBUNG NYAWA (Gynura procumbens) Life Cycle of Nyctemera coleta and Paliga auratalis In Gynura procumbens Leaf

Abstract

ABSTRAKSambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang mempunyai beragam manfaat bagi kesehatan, bermanfaat sebagai analgesik hingga antimikroba. Pada tanaman ini terdapat dua spesies larva dari ordo Lepidoptera yang merupakan hama perusak daun, sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan sambung nyawa. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perilaku dan siklus hidup dari kedua jenis ulat yang ditemukan di pertanaman sambung nyawa, sebagai dasar dalam penelitian pengendalian hama pada pertanaman sambung nyawa. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) sejak Januari sampai April 2016. Larva yang dikumpulkan dari lapangan dipelihara dan dikembangbiakkan di laboratorium. Parameter yang diamati meliputi stadium dan karakteristik tiap stadium dari siklus hidup dua spesies hama yang ditemukan di pertanaman sambung nyawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua jenis larva yang ditemukan di pertanaman sambung nyawa adalah Nyctemera coleta dan Paliga auratalis, termasuk dalam ordo Lepidoptera. Stadium larva N. coleta merupakan stadium yang paling panjang dengan kisaran umur larva rata-rata 24 hari. Larva N. coleta merusak daun dengan memakan jaringan daun sehingga meninggalkan tulang-tulang daun. Stadium yang paling panjang pada P. auratalis adalah stadium pupa dengan rata-rata kisaran umur stadium 13,1 hari. Larva P. auratalis merusak daun sambung nyawa dengan memakan daun dan juga merekatkan sisi-sisi daun menggunakan saliva yang dikeluarkan dari mulutnya. Kata kunci: Gynura procumbens, Nyctemera coleta, Paliga auratalis, larva, pupa ABSTRACT Gynura procumbens is one of medicinal plants useful for human health as analgesic and antimicrobe. There are two species of larvae from Lepidoptera order found as a pest for damaging leaf, hence inhibiting growth of G. procumbens. The aims of the study were to identify and determine the behaviour and life cycle of both types of larvae found on G. procumbens. This study was conducted in Pest Laboratory of the Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops ResearchInstitute (ISMCRI) from January to April 2016. The larvae were collected from the field in Bogor area, mass-reared and grown in laboratory. The parameters observed were the stadium and the characteristics of each stadium of those two pest species found on G. procumbens plant. The result showed that two species of larvaes found on G. procumbens were identified as Nyctemera coleta and Paliga auratalis. The larvae of N. coleta was the longest stadium for 24 days. It damaged plant by eating leaves tissues and leaving only the petiole. The longest stadium of P. auratalis was pupae at 13.1 days. P. auratalis larvae destroyed the leaves of G. procumbens by chewing the leaf tissue and attached the leaf sides using secreted saliva.Key words: Gynura procumbens, Nyctemera coleta, Paliga auratalis, larvae, pupae PENDAHULUANPengembangan agroindustri tanaman obat di Indonesia memiliki prospek yang baik, karena didukung oleh besarnya kekayaan sumber daya alam Indonesia sebagai sumber ba...

Status of Paliga auratalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) as black potato pest and its control strategy using natural enemies

“…Paliga auratalis has the life cycles from egg to adult around 25-32 days with the longest phase in the larval stage which is about 15 days. It is different from P. auratalis life cycles in sambung nyawa plants with the longest phase in the pupal stage i.e., 13 days (Rismayani and Rohimatun, 2017). Whereas in our observation the duration of the pupal stage was about 8 -10 days.…”

“…It might disrupt the process of photosynthesis in black potato plants. Paliga auratalis was also reported as insect pest of sambung nyawa plants (Gynura procumbens) in Indonesia, and the symptoms this caterpillar pest were rolled the leaves and leaves become dry due to the saliva released from the mouth of the larva (Rismayani and Rohimatun, 2017). Larval behaviour releasing saliva from its mouth serves to protect itself from predator attacks (Greeney et al, 2010).…”