Significant Wave Height Measured by Coherent X-Band Radar

Carrasco, Ruben; Horstmann, Jochen; Seemann, J.

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2706067

Cited by 61 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Calibration-free wave height estimation may still be one of the future trends for wave measurements. Coherent X-band radar has also been proved to be an effective solution for such purposes since it provides the radial velocity of ocean surface waves that can be used to derive H S [116,117]. In addition, a simple model for marine radar backscatter signals from the ocean surface has been developed [118], which may be further investigated for calibration-free wave height estimation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the projection effects may lead to an underestimated H S , especially in multi-mode seas. Later, Carrasco et al [117] developed a non-empirical, calibration-free algorithm for H S estimation by considering the energy loss due to the projection effects. The same pulse pair approach as in [116] is first used to achieve the Doppler velocity.…”

Section: Coherent Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ocean Wind and Wave Measurements Using X-Band Marine Radar: A Comprehensive Review

2017

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Ocean wind and wave parameters can be measured by in-situ sensors such as anemometers and buoys. Since the 1980s, X-band marine radar has evolved as one of the remote sensing instruments for such purposes since its sea surface images contain considerable wind and wave information. The maturity and accuracy of X-band marine radar wind and wave measurements have already enabled relevant commercial products to be used in real-world applications. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the state of the art algorithms for ocean wind and wave information extraction from X-band marine radar data. Wind measurements are mainly based on the dependence of radar image intensities on wind direction and speed. Wave parameters can be obtained from radar-derived wave spectra or radar image textures for non-coherent radar and from surface radial velocity for coherent radar. In this review, the principles of the methodologies are described, the performances are compared, and the pros and cons are discussed. Specifically, recent developments for wind and wave measurements are highlighted. These include the mitigation of rain effects on wind measurements and wave height estimation without external calibrations. Finally, remaining challenges and future trends are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coherent Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Wind and Wave Measurements Using X-Band Marine Radar: A Comprehensive Review

2017

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“…The measured sea surface current velocity is 0.56 m·s −1 , and the velocity field is homogeneous. The key parameters of the sea surface measured by the buoy system are listed in Table 1, and the sea state is calculated by Watts (13) and (15). Only when the scan angle is 0 degrees or 180 degrees is the Doppler centroid shift consistent.…”

Section: Circular Scanning Sar Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as shown in Figure 7, it is clearly indicated that the Doppler centroid shifts are nonzero. For the range Doppler images, the motion compensation is based on the central slant range, and because the slant range cells departing from the central slant range include the compensation error, the Doppler centroid shifts are not in accordance with the central slant range as indicated in Equations (13) and (15). Only when the scan angle is 0 degrees or 180 degrees is the Doppler centroid shift consistent.…”

Section: Circular Scanning Sar Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Surface Current Estimation Using Airborne Circular Scanning SAR with a Medium Grazing Angle

et al. 2018

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Circular scanning synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a novel imaging mode wherein the radar antenna rotates from 0 degrees to 360 degrees along the platform flight direction, providing us with a potentially effective technique to estimate the sea surface current velocity. In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate the sea surface current velocity utilizing the Doppler centroid shifts of different scan angles over 360 degrees after the airborne platform motion compensation. In this method, the Doppler centroid shifts of the sea clutter at different scan angles are first extracted, and the corresponding compensation errors caused by the azimuth pointing and the incidence angle of the radar beam are considered. Finally, the least squares (LS) technique is applied to estimate the along-track velocity component and the cross-track velocity component of the sea surface current. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the real data recorded by an airborne circular scanning SAR system.

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“…In the 1990s, various experiments using microwave Doppler radar were conducted [5,[16][17][18][19]; however, none of the experimental results fully obtained the directional wave height spectra. Recently, the coherent method has been applied on the X-band radar, and the results are very good [20]. SM050, which was developed by MIROS in Norway, is the only mature Doppler marine radar system and it functions in C band and is capable of outputting accurate results one range cell at a time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-Band Doppler Wave Radar System

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this paper, a novel shore-based S-band microwave Doppler coherent wave radar (Microwave Ocean Remote SEnsor (MORSE)) is designed to improve wave measurements. Marine radars, which operate in the X band, have been widely used for ocean monitoring because of their low cost, small size and flexibility. However, because of the non-coherent measurements and strong absorption of X-band radio waves by rain, these radar systems suffer considerable performance loss in moist weather. Furthermore, frequent calibrations to modify the modulation transfer function are required. To overcome these shortcomings, MORSE, which operates in the S band, was developed by Wuhan University. Because of the coherent measurements of this sensor, it is able to measure the radial velocity of water particles via the Doppler effect. Then the relation between the velocity spectrum and wave height spectrum can be used to obtain the wave height spectra. Finally, wave parameters are estimated from the wave height spectra by the spectrum moment method. Comparisons between MORSE and Waverider MKIII are conducted in this study, and the results, including the non-directional wave height spectra, significant wave height and average wave period, are calculated and displayed. The correlation coefficient of the significant wave height is larger than 0.9, whereas that of the average wave period is approximately 0.4, demonstrating the effectiveness of MORSE for the continuous monitoring of ocean areas with high accuracy.

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Significant Wave Height Measured by Coherent X-Band Radar

Cited by 61 publications

References 25 publications

Ocean Wind and Wave Measurements Using X-Band Marine Radar: A Comprehensive Review

Ocean Wind and Wave Measurements Using X-Band Marine Radar: A Comprehensive Review

Sea Surface Current Estimation Using Airborne Circular Scanning SAR with a Medium Grazing Angle

S-Band Doppler Wave Radar System

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