“…To date, there are several articles that have reviewed different aspects of FO, such as methods and process development [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], applications [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], fouling behaviors [ 24 , 26 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ], draw solution characteristics [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 60 , 61 ], and energy considerations [ 15 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. There are, however, few studies that provide a focused overview of the different support layer design strategies [ 25 , 68 ] along with the diverse transport property evaluation methodologies [ 69 ] that are discussed in the literature. This review will critically analyze the various support layer fabrication techniques that are consequential in determining the performance of FO membranes, primarily via reduced -values.…”