Significant improvement of PbWO4 scintillating crystals by doping with trivalent ions

Influence of Sb and Y co-doping on properties of PbWO4 crystal

“…The decay kinetics results are listed in [5,7], the present PWO:(Sb,Y) crystal has a larger light output within 200 ns.…”

“…There exist at least two TL peaks between RT and 250 1C in the as-grown pure PbWO 4 , peaking at around 75 and 155 1C. The 75 1C TL peak might be related to the red emission centers in PWO [12], which was found to be absent in the other stable single charge state trivalent-ion doped samples, leading to low intensity and structureless TL glow curves spectra [7,13]. These peaks almost disappear also for the present PWO:(Sb,Y) crystal studied here, which is a significant lowering sign of intrinsic lattice defects.…”

“…According to specialists of PET scanners, PWO crystal could be successfully used in PET if its light output is increased to $10% of the BGO scintillator, keeping its present fast rise time for the main component, but tolerating the decay time of a few hundred nanoseconds for the minor component and some expense of the radiation hardness [5]. In recent years Kobayashi et al [5][6][7][8] have widely investigated the effects of doping PWO with different ions on the light yield and other scintillation properties, including single dopant, co-doping, and three dopants. It has been found that Mo 6+ or F À ion doping could increase light output of the PWO crystal to about 10% of the BGO crystal [6,8], but it simultaneously produces a red shift of the position of maximum X-ray luminescence and very slow components of decay.…”

Donor doping process and white light generation in CaMoO4 powders with multivalence Pr codoping

“…Recently, more attention has been excited to find an approach to increase their light yield. In previous works, most of rare earth (RE) ions have been doped in tungstate and molybdate, intensity of host emission decreased by doping because of the energy transfer from host to RE 3 + ions [2][3][4], but multivalent ions codoping is rarely discussed.…”

Effects of Cr doping on the optical characteristics of PbWO4 crystals

“…Depending on how well known the defects and doping mechanisms are, it is possible to gain an indepth understanding of their optical and electric behaviors and thus, of the optimization of their properties. It has been found that doping with selected ions seems to be a better method [4,5] for improving the optical properties of this material. But so far the properties are still debated and some problems are left unsolved.…”