Significant elevation of a Th2 cytokine, interleukin-10, in pelvic inflammatory disease

Chen, Kuo Shuen; Wang, Po Hui; Yang, Shun Fa; Ding, Lin; Lin, Yi; Kuo, Dong Yih; Lin, Long Yau; Wu, Ming Tsang; Lin, Chiao‐Wen; Lee, Sheuan; Chou, Ming Chih; Tsai, Hsiu Ting; Hsieh, Yih Shou

doi:10.1515/cclm.2008.318

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We are not aware of previous studies examining breast milk immune markers for this factor. However, two previous studies examined plasma cytokines in vaginal/urinary infection cases (30,31). One study identified significantly increased levels of IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-γ in patients with urogenital infections (30).…”

Section: Maternal Characteristics and Other Child's Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, two previous studies examined plasma cytokines in vaginal/urinary infection cases (30,31). One study identified significantly increased levels of IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-γ in patients with urogenital infections (30). Another study, reported significantly elevated plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in patients with vaginal/urinary infection (31).…”

Section: Maternal Characteristics and Other Child's Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre- and perinatal characteristics and breast milk immune markers

et al. 2013

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Background: Maternal allergy and gestational exposures can alter the concentration of type-1/type-2/T-regulatory markers in breast milk. We tested whether maternal risk factors are related to breast milk immune markers. Methods: Expecting mothers were enrolled in [2008][2009][2010] in South Carolina in prenatal clinics and classes. Interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein 10 (CXCL10), CCL11, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, CXCL8, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and immunoglobulin (Ig)A in 115 whey samples were measured by immunoassays. Maternal asthma, eczema, rhinitis, smoking, urogenital infections during gestation, pet exposure, education, race/ethnicity, age, body mass, and the child's birth date and sex were ascertained. The effects of these risk factors on immune markers were estimated using general linear models. results: Maternal asthma was linked to higher levels of IL-5, rhinitis to lower levels of IL-5 and INF-γ, and eczema to lower levels of IL-6. Gestational smoking was related to increased concentrations of CXCL8 and IL-6. African-American mothers had markedly higher levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and CXCL8. Urogenital infections, maternal age, body mass, child's sex, and season of birth contributed to the variation. conclusion: The impact of maternal allergies on immune markers in breast milk was small compared with that of maternal nondisease characteristics. t he prevalence of allergic diseases, including asthma, eczema, and rhinitis, has increased significantly in past decades. Studies have reported that breastfeeding may influence the development of atopic disease (1-3). Breast milk contains a large number of immune-modulating factors (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins (Ig), enzymes, and hormones) that are thought not only to allow the development of the infant's immune system but also to protect the infant from infection and gut inflammation (2,4,5). Because cytokines and chemokines are significant immune-modulating agents found in breast milk, identification of factors that influence their levels in breast milk is of importance. Knowledge on breast milk immune markers will help to evaluate future disease risks of breastfed infants.Several studies have reported different concentrations of immune constituents in breast milk obtained from atopic vs. nonatopic mothers (2,4,6,7), in addition to that obtained from mothers whose children developed cow's milk allergies compared with mothers having nonallergic children (3,5). Hence, exposures to different levels of immune factors through breast milk are considered to affect the occurrence of childhood allergies. However, relatively few studies have examined factors (e.g., maternal allergy) that may alter breast milk cytokine/ chemokine and IgA levels (2,4,5,8,9). Circumstantial evidence suggests that maternal allergy may be an important factor because a history of maternal asthma, rhinitis, and eczema seems to increase the risk of allergic diseases in infants (10). Studies have reported that mothers with allergic di...

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Section: Maternal Characteristics and Other Child's Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Maternal Characteristics and Other Child's Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and perinatal characteristics and breast milk immune markers

et al. 2013

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“…However, we believe that this also holds true for other gastroenteroviruses, since our previous studies and other research groups have shown that IgG1 and IgG3 are the main IgG subclasses found in infection by human cytomegalovirus [81], human herpes virus 6 [82], hantavirus [83,84], and human immunodeficiency virus [85], and hepatitis B virus [86][87][88][89]. The cross-regulation between Th1 and Th2 cytokines is associated with the development of antigen pathogenesis [64]. It was found that the recombinant GII/4 norovirus capsid protein can induce strong Th1-Th2-like cellular immune responses [73].…”

Section: Transmissions Of Gastroenteroviruses and Host Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…It has been reported that the activated specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes destroy directly virus-infected cell by recognition of the virus antigen presented on the surface of major histocompatibility complex (MHC ) class I, and inactivate intracellular viral proteins by secretion of cytokines [62,63]. Helper T cells are essential for the development of immunoglobulin, eosinophil activation, cytokine production, and contribute to the phagocyte-dependent and independent protective responses [64]. Moreover, individuals with T-cell immunodeficiency are susceptible to chronic enteric virus infections [65].…”

Section: Transmissions Of Gastroenteroviruses and Host Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroenteroviruses Infection in Taiwan

Tsai

Cheng³

et al. 2009

TOIDJ

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Acute infectious gastroenteritis causes high morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. The most important cause of gastroenteritis is virus infection. Diarrhea is the dominant symptom of viral gastroenteritis. It subsequently induces dehydration and malnutrition, which contribute to high morbidity and mortality in children. In Taiwan, rotavirus is the major cause (30.4-48%) of infectious gastroenteritis, followed by adenovirus (9.1-19.8%), norovirus (8.2-25%), enterovirus (< 5.2 %), astrovirus (2.7-2.9%) and other viruses (including sapovirus)(< 1 %). Untreated gastroenteritis is the major cause of infantile mortality, which leads to human tragedy and economic burden. In Taiwan, the cost of admission or hospitalization associated with gastroenterovirus infection is about more than 40% of the monthly salary of an unskilled or service worker. Understanding the epidemiology of gastroenterovirus and its induced host immune response could benefit the development for prevention and therapeutic management of gastroenterovirus. This review summarizes the epidemiological information and current knowledge of gastroenteroviruses that cause gastroenteritis in Taiwan.

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“…Stromal cell-derived factor -1a recruits and activates neutrophils to inflammatory sites for defense against pathogens, 7 as well, the activated T-lymphocytes consequently induce proinflammatory cytokines, Th1 cytokines, and Th2 cytokines production for an immune response in PID. [25][26][27][28] This observation suggests that SDF-1a expression is involved in the pathogenic process of PID. Figure 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Plasma Stromal Cell-derived Factor 1 Protein and its Gene Polymorphism in Patients With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

et al. 2009

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The objective was to compare the expression of plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1 and the gene polymorphism in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease and healthy controls. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism were, respectively, used to measure the plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha level and stromal cell-derived factor 1 polymorphism in 50 healthy controls and in 44 patients with pelvic inflammatory disease before and after they received routine treatment protocols. The level of plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha was elevated in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease compared to normal controls and decreased significantly after treatment. There were significant correlations between plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha level and neutrophil count as well as between stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha level and white blood cell count in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. There was no significantly different distribution of stromal cell-derived factor 1 genotypes between patients with pelvic inflammatory disease and normal controls. Patients with pelvic inflammatory disease having stromal cell-derived factor 1-3'A allele were associated with significantly elevated plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha concentration compared to patients with pelvic inflammatory disease having G/G homozygous alleles (P < .02). In normal controls, there was no significant difference in the plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1 level between individuals with and without stromal cell-derived factor 1-3'A allele. When the cutoff level of plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha level was determined to be 2192 pg/mL based on receiver-operating characteristic curve, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value as well as accuracy were 77.3%, 88.0%, 85.0%, 81.5%, and 83.0%. In conclusion, when the cutoff level was determined to be 2192 pg/mL, plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha level can be used to predict pelvic inflammatory disease.

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Significant elevation of a Th2 cytokine, interleukin-10, in pelvic inflammatory disease

Abstract: The results indicate that the imbalance and cross-regulation between Th1 and Th2 cytokines pathways is probably contributed to the mechanism of PID.

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Pre- and perinatal characteristics and breast milk immune markers

Pre- and perinatal characteristics and breast milk immune markers

Gastroenteroviruses Infection in Taiwan

Elevated Plasma Stromal Cell-derived Factor 1 Protein and its Gene Polymorphism in Patients With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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