Significance of stable carbon and bromine isotopes in the source identification of PBDEs

Chen, Liuzhu; Shouakar-Stash, Orfan; Ma, Teng; Chun-lei, Wang; Liu, Lu

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.109

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The EA/IRMS method used in Chen et al was verified in this study using a Flash 2000 elemental analyzer coupled to a Delta V Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a ConFlo IV interface (all from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). A fixed amount of a solid sample of the high‐purity BDE‐209 standard was loaded into a tin capsule, which was placed in the oven of the elemental analyzer and combusted in a combustion CuO tube at 950°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The goal of the study reported here was to develop an alternative CSIA method that can avoid the effects of both thermal instability and incomplete combustion of BDE‐209. Chen et al used elemental analyzer–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS) for determining the δ 13 C values of commercial BDE‐209 samples. They found that BDE‐209 could be completely combusted at 950°C in the presence of O 2 and sufficient catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis for mechanistic characterization of debromination of decabrominated diphenyl ether

Zhu

Zhong

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale: Decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a notorious persistent organic pollutant widely found in the environment. Developing a compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) method is much needed in order to trace its transport and degradation processes and to evaluate the effectiveness of the remediation of BDE-209 in the environment. However, the conventional CSIA method, i.e. gas chromatography (GC) combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry, is not appropriate for BDE-209 because of its high thermal instability and incomplete combustion. Methods:We developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation and purification of BDE-209 that prevents its thermal reactivity as occurred in prior GC-based methods. The δ 13 C value of the purified BDE-209 was determined using offline elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). This two-step method was applied to determine the δ 13 C values of BDE-209 in two commercial samples and to characterize carbon isotope fractionation associated with the debromination of BDE-209 via nanoscale zero-valent iron. Results: The mean values of daily δ 13 C analyses of six replicates of a BDE-209 standard varied from −27.66‰ to −27.92‰, with a standard deviation ranging from 0.07‰ to 0.16‰, indicating a good reproducibility of EA/IRMS. The EA/IRMS analysis of the purified BDE-209 standard indicated no obvious isotope fractionation during the sample purification. The impurity content in commercial BDE-209 samples may contribute additional variation of the δ 13 C values of BDE-209. The δ 13 C values of BDE-209 gradually changed from −27.47 ± 0.37‰ to −24.59 ± 0.19‰ when 74% of the BDE-209 standard was degraded within 36 h. The estimated carbon isotope enrichment factor was −1.72 ± 0.18‰. Conclusions:The two-step method based on HPLC and EA/IRMS avoids the thermal instability of BDE-209 in the traditional CSIA method. It offers a novel approach for elucidating the degradation mechanisms of BDE-209 in the environment and for source identification in contaminated sites.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis for mechanistic characterization of debromination of decabrominated diphenyl ether

Zhu

Zhong

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These materials include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, poly brominated diphenyl ethers, silicon tetrachloride (SiCl 4 ), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ). However, a discharged nonmetallic halide is classified as a persistent and even toxic chemical. − For example, SF 6 is a typical nonmetal halide gas. Its extensive utilizations resulted in a continuous growth of atmospheric concentration, which contributed to global warming because SF 6 had a greenhouse effect 23 900 times higher than that of CO 2 . − A separation method was reported to remove SF 6 with an additional pressure equipment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement on Fluorine Migration from SF₆ to SiF₄ by an Efficient Mediator of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ Composites

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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An economic and facile method was urgently required for the degradation of SF 6 to replace the high-energy excitation treatment. Both theoretical calculations and experimental observations were conducted to reveal the synergy of Cr/ Fe/Si composites on a new technique of SF 6 degradation through reacting silicon dioxide. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that strong adsorption of SF 6 on Cr 2 O 3 , and then the fast F/O exchange between CrF 3 and Fe 2 O 3 (energy barrier was 1.45 eV) as well as FeF 3 and SiO 2 (energy barrier was 1.69 eV) enhanced mediated efficiency from SF 6 to SiF 4 . The fluorine (F) migration between solid interfaces in Cr 2 O 3 &Fe 2 O 3 @SBA15 was responsible for efficient SF 6 removal. The F migration route was composed of SF 6 to CrF 3 , CrF 3 to FeF 3 , and FeF 3 to SiF 4 with the lowest thermodynamic driving. Enhanced specific accumulative converted amount (SACA) of SF 6 on Cr 2 O 3 &Fe 2 O 3 @SBA15 was achieved and the highest SACA was 13.98 mmol/g within 7 h, significantly higher than that on Fe 2 O 3 @SBA15 (5.74 mmol/g) and Cr 2 O 3 @SBA15 (2.71 mmol/g). Moreover, X-ray diffractometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed to support DFT calculations, including ion intensities detected using mass spectroscopy and composition analysis of the mediator during the reaction. Therefore, our work put forward a novel approach for economic and efficient SF 6 decomposition through reacting with silicon dioxide under the mediation of Cr 2 O 3 &Fe 2 O 3 . This method was also potentially used in effective degradation of refractory nonmetal halides.

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Stable chlorine isotope analysis of triclosan using GC-qMS: Method development and applications

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Applied Geochemistry

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Significance of stable carbon and bromine isotopes in the source identification of PBDEs

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis for mechanistic characterization of debromination of decabrominated diphenyl ether

Compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis for mechanistic characterization of debromination of decabrominated diphenyl ether

Improvement on Fluorine Migration from SF₆ to SiF₄ by an Efficient Mediator of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ Composites

Stable chlorine isotope analysis of triclosan using GC-qMS: Method development and applications

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Significance of stable carbon and bromine isotopes in the source identification of PBDEs

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis for mechanistic characterization of debromination of decabrominated diphenyl ether

Compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis for mechanistic characterization of debromination of decabrominated diphenyl ether

Improvement on Fluorine Migration from SF6 to SiF4 by an Efficient Mediator of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 Composites

Stable chlorine isotope analysis of triclosan using GC-qMS: Method development and applications

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Improvement on Fluorine Migration from SF₆ to SiF₄ by an Efficient Mediator of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ Composites