Significance of scavenging chicken production in the rural community of Africa for enhanced food security

Melesse, Aberra

doi:10.1017/s0043933914000646

Cited by 50 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, in Danki birds of India, Vijh et al (2005) documented a mortality rate of around 20-30 percent during first 2 months of age, similar to the result of present study. Similar to the results of the present study, preponderance of Newcastle disease (Olwande et al, 2010;Melesse, 2014) and high disease occurrence in dry summer seasons (Sonaiya and Swan, 2004) in village chicken have already been established. The study revealed that altogether there is 69.38 percent depletion from day-old to 72 weeks of age in village chicken much higher than that of intensively reared commercial layers (Farooq et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Scavenging chicken production is a profitable enterprise that contributes to poverty reduction especially among the resource challenged rural communities in most parts of the world (Melesse, 2014). In a large numbers of developing countries in Africa and Asia, indigenous birds constitute up to 80 percent of the standing poultry population (Pym, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Egg production and certain behavioural characteristics and mortality pattern of indigenous chicken of India

Kumar

Churchil

Jalaludeen

et al. 2016

Anim. Genet. Resour.

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A survey to document the behaviour characteristics and mortality pattern of indigenous chicken of Kerala and a field egg recording study to record egg production characteristics of these birds were conducted. Flight distance and height was 13.29 and 3.97 m, respectively. The territory radius of cocks was 121.15 m. The chick survivability at 4 weeks of age was 64.98 percent. The day-old and 8 th week body weights were 28.83 and 347.24 g, respectively. The 20 th and 40 th week body weight of males were 1,428.42 and 1,936.67 g and that of females were 1,114.04 and 1,445.63 g, respectively. The mortality up to 72 weeks was 69.38 percent and major cause of mortality during chick, grower and layer stage were mongoose (44.63 percent), wolf (24.29 percent) and diseases (52.18 percent) respectively. The fertility was 71.22 percent and hatchability on total and fertile egg set were 62.26 and 87.42 percent, respectively. There were 2.13 clutches in a laying cycle with inter-clutch intervals of 1.11 days. The average clutch size and number of eggs per cycle were 7.27 and 14.32, respectively. The egg number up to 72 weeks on hen-day and hen-housed basis was 116.81 and 85.84, respectively and the eggs were laid in 7.7 cycles. The age at first egg and average age at sexual maturity were 155 and 199.26 days, respectively. The egg weight at 28, 40 and 72 weeks of age was 37.80, 40.74 and 43.31 g, respectively, and egg mass per bird was 4,659.04 g. The broodiness and incubation pause were 26.03 and 121.75 days, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg production and certain behavioural characteristics and mortality pattern of indigenous chicken of India

Kumar

Churchil

Jalaludeen

et al. 2016

Anim. Genet. Resour.

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“…Indigenous chicken are widely distributed in the rural areas of tropical and sub-tropical countries (Ajayi 2010). The birds play a key role for the poor farmers and the underprivileged within the rural setting as regards subsidiary income, provision of chicken meat and eggs (Padhi 2016) and food security (Melesse 2014). In spite of this, smallholder poultry subsector in sub-Saharan Africa is beset with myriad of problems among which are poor nutrition, limited technical know-how, vagaries of climatic factors, slow-growing, low meat yield, small size/number of eggs, low input, and high mortality (Yakubu, 2010;Ayanwale et al 2015;Dessie, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ choice of genotypes and trait preferences in tropically adapted chickens in five agro-ecological zones in Nigeria

Yakubu

Bamidele

Hassan

et al. 2019

Trop Anim Health Prod

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This study aimed at determining chicken genotypes of choice and traits preference in chicken by smallholder farmers in Nigeria. Data were obtained from a total of 2063 farmers using structured questionnaires in five agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Chi square (χ 2) statistics was used to explore relationships between categorical variables. The mean ranks of the six genotypes and twelve traits of preference were compared using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H (with Mann-Whitney U test for post hoc separation of mean ranks), Friedman, and Wilcoxon signed-rank (with Bonferroni's adjustments) tests. Categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) was used to assign farmers into groups. Gender distribution of farmers was found to be statistically significant (χ 2 = 16.599; P ≤ 0.002) across the zones. With the exception of Shika Brown, preferences for chicken genotypes were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced by agro-ecological zone. However, gender differentiated response was only significant (P ≤ 0.01) in Sasso chicken with more preference by male farmers. Overall, FUNAAB Alpha, Sasso, and Noiler chicken were ranked 1st, followed by Kuroiler (4th), Shika Brown (5th), and Fulani birds (6th), respectively. Within genotypes, within and across zones and gender, preferences for traits varied significantly (P ≤ 0.005 and P ≤ 0.01). Traits of preference for selection of chicken breeding stock tended towards body size, egg number, egg size, and meat taste. Spearman's rank order correlation coefficients of traits of preference were significant (P ≤ 0.01) and ranged from 0.22 to 0.90. The two PCs extracted, which explained 65.3% of the variability in the dataset, were able to assign the farmers into two groups based on preference for body size of cock and hen and the other ten traits combined. The present findings may guide the choice of appropriate chicken genotypes while the traits of economic importance may be incorporated into future genetic improvement and conservation programs in Nigeria.

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“…Local populations of chicken that are genotypically, phenotypically, and geographically distinct from each other hold nutritional, economic and cultural importance for smallholder farmers. Although their productivity is much lower than commercial lines, they are posited to be adapted to local climatic and pathogenic insults 2,3 . Globally, almost 1600 distinct regional breeds of chicken are recognised 4 and the utilisation of this diversity through the identification and validation of genetic variants for increased resistance to disease and heat stress will benefit both commercial and small holder farmers 5 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single generation allele introgression into pure chicken breeds using Sire Dam Surrogate (SDS) mating

Ballantyne

Woodcock

Doddamani

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SummaryPoultry is the most abundant livestock species with over 60 billion chickens raised globally per year. While most chicken are produced from highly selected commercial flocks the many indigenous chicken breeds, which have low productivity and have not been highly selected, play an important role in rural economies across the world as they are well adapted to local environmental and scavenging conditions. The ability to rapidly transfer genetic changes between breeds of chicken will permit the transfer of beneficial alleles between poultry breeds as well as allow validation of genetic variants responsible for different phenotypic traits. Here, we generate a novel inducibly sterile surrogate host chicken. Introducing donor genome edited primordial cells into the sterile male and female host embryos produces chicken carrying only exogenous germ cells. Subsequent direct mating of the surrogate hosts, Sire Dam Surrogate (SDS) mating, recreates pure chicken breeds carrying the edited allele in heterozygous or homozygous states. We demonstrate the transfer and validation of two feather trait alleles, Dominant white and Frizzle traits into two pure chicken breeds using the SDS surrogate hosts. This technology will allow the rapid reconstitution of chicken breeds carrying desired genetic changes to investigate climate adaptation and disease resilience traits.

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Significance of scavenging chicken production in the rural community of Africa for enhanced food security

Abstract: their eggs and meat suggests that these genetic resources are promising options for food security in the rural communities.

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

Egg production and certain behavioural characteristics and mortality pattern of indigenous chicken of India

Egg production and certain behavioural characteristics and mortality pattern of indigenous chicken of India

Farmers’ choice of genotypes and trait preferences in tropically adapted chickens in five agro-ecological zones in Nigeria

Single generation allele introgression into pure chicken breeds using Sire Dam Surrogate (SDS) mating

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