Significance of hyphae formation in virulence of Candida tropicalis and transcriptomic analysis of hyphal cells

Jiang, Cen; Li, Zhen; Zhang, Lihua; Tian, Yuan; Dong, Danfeng; Peng, Yibing

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2016.06.003

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, other authors later reported phospholipase activity in isolates of this species. A recent study conducted by Jiang et al ( 2016 ) with 52 strains of C. tropicalis found phospholipase activity in 31 isolates from different clinical sources. However, strains showed low enzyme production.…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

An Update on Candida tropicalis Based on Basic and Clinical Approaches

2017

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Candida tropicalis has emerged as one of the most important Candida species. It has been widely considered the second most virulent Candida species, only preceded by C. albicans. Besides, this species has been recognized as a very strong biofilm producer, surpassing C. albicans in most of the studies. In addition, it produces a wide range of other virulence factors, including: adhesion to buccal epithelial and endothelial cells; the secretion of lytic enzymes, such as proteinases, phospholipases, and hemolysins, bud-to-hyphae transition (also called morphogenesis) and the phenomenon called phenotypic switching. This is a species very closely related to C. albicans and has been easily identified with both phenotypic and molecular methods. In addition, no cryptic sibling species were yet described in the literature, what is contradictory to some other medically important Candida species. C. tropicalis is a clinically relevant species and may be the second or third etiological agent of candidemia, specifically in Latin American countries and Asia. Antifungal resistance to the azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins has already been described. Apart from all these characteristics, C. tropicalis has been considered an osmotolerant microorganism and this ability to survive to high salt concentration may be important for fungal persistence in saline environments. This physiological characteristic makes this species suitable for use in biotechnology processes. Here we describe an update of C. tropicalis, focusing on all these previously mentioned subjects.

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Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

An Update on Candida tropicalis Based on Basic and Clinical Approaches

2017

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“…Under certain conditions, these yeast cells experience a special morphological alteration and turn into elongated cells called hyphae. It has been shown that such a conversion is a fundamental feature of the pathophysiology and the virulence of these strains [13,14]. As a matter of fact, opportunistic pathogens commensally colonize the skin or mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts mostly in yeast form, then yeasts switch to virulent hyphae which can disseminate internal organs or cause mucocutaneous infections [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-dependent activity of silver nanoparticles on the morphological switch and biofilm formation of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts

et al. 2020

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Background: Dimorphism and biofilm formation are important virulence factors of some opportunistic human pathogenic yeasts. Such species commensally colonize skin or mucosal surfaces generally in yeast form, but under particular circumstances, convert into virulent hyphae and disseminate internal organs or cause mucocutaneous infections. The yeast-to-hypha shape-conversion promotes the development of a biofilm, a thick extracellular matrix with sessile cells within. The biofilm is capable to prevent the penetration of antifungal drugs, rendering the surviving biofilm-resident cells intrinsic sources of recurrent infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to attenuate the morphological switch and biofilm formation of several opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and to determine whether this feature depends on the nanoparticle size. Results: AgNPs in three different sizes were prepared by chemical reduction approach and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the microdilution method, the inhibitory capacity on biofilm formation and the biofilm degradation ability of differently sized AgNPs was assessed by viability assay. The morphological state of opportunistic pathogenic yeast cells in monoculture and in co-culture with human keratinocytes in the presence of AgNPs was examined by flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy. All the three AgNPs inhibited the growth of the examined opportunistic pathogenic yeasts, nevertheless, AgNPs with the smallest diameter exhibited the most prominent toxic activities. AgNPs attenuated the biofilm formation in a nanoparticle size-dependent manner; however, their biofilm destruction capacity was negligible. AgNPs with the smallest size exerted the most significant effect on suppressing the morphological change of pathogens in monoculture as well as in a co-culture with keratinocytes.

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“…The Candida genus is comprised of about 150 species of yeast-like fungi. In general, they are classified as asexual diploid fungi that can exist in the form of yeasts or hyphae [5]. Candida species such as C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. dubliniensis, C. kefyr, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis and C. lipolytica are present in the oral cavity as commensal microorganisms and these can act as opportunistic pathogens in cases of low immune system [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nicotine on the adherence of Candida albicans ATCC 14053 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and expression of selected binding-related genes

Gunasegar

Harun

2017

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Smoking is considered one of the main factors for development of dental plaque. Yeasts have been described to contribute to the plaque community. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of nicotine on the growth of planktonic cells and biofilm, cell aggregation, surface hydrophobicity, cell adherence and binding-related genes expressed by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis in vitro. The relative number of viable fungal cells was determined based on viable plate counts. The biofilm growth was quantified using the crystal violet assay. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the regulation of selected genes associated with adherence. The results indicated that nicotine enhanced the growth of both planktonic and biofilm oral fungal cells. Cell surface hydrophobicity and the expression of Hyphal Wall Protein 1 (HWP1) and agglutinin-like sequences 3 (ALS3) of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis were found to increase relative to the nicotine concentrations. The results suggest that nicotine can enhance the growth of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis in vitro and influence their adherence to the surface of microplate wells that mimic as the tooth surface.

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Significance of hyphae formation in virulence of Candida tropicalis and transcriptomic analysis of hyphal cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

An Update on Candida tropicalis Based on Basic and Clinical Approaches

An Update on Candida tropicalis Based on Basic and Clinical Approaches

Size-dependent activity of silver nanoparticles on the morphological switch and biofilm formation of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts

Influence of nicotine on the adherence of Candida albicans ATCC 14053 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and expression of selected binding-related genes

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