Influence of nicotine on the adherence of Candida albicans ATCC 14053 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and expression of selected binding-related genes

Abstract

Smoking is considered one of the main factors for development of dental plaque. Yeasts have been described to contribute to the plaque community. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of nicotine on the growth of planktonic cells and biofilm, cell aggregation, surface hydrophobicity, cell adherence and binding-related genes expressed by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis in vitro. The relative number of viable fungal cells was determined based on viable plate counts. The biofilm growth was quantified using the crystal violet assay. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the regulation of selected genes associated with adherence. The results indicated that nicotine enhanced the growth of both planktonic and biofilm oral fungal cells. Cell surface hydrophobicity and the expression of Hyphal Wall Protein 1 (HWP1) and agglutinin-like sequences 3 (ALS3) of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis were found to increase relative to the nicotine concentrations. The results suggest that nicotine can enhance the growth of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis in vitro and influence their adherence to the surface of microplate wells that mimic as the tooth surface.

Anti-hyphal properties of potential bioactive compounds for oral rinse in suppression ofCandidagrowth

“…The possible mechanism of hydroxychavicol to inhibit the hyphal growth is by (1) altering the cellular morphology which lead to the unproductive cells and (2) delaying germination process by changing the expression of hyphae-related genes such RAS1, NRG1 and HWP1. Our finding strongly suggests that hydroxychavicol is effective against Candida species such C. albicans and this could support its usage in oral rinse to control and prevent candidal infection especially among target users like cigarette smokers [44] and immunocompromised patients [45].…”

Effect of tobacco on periodontal disease and oral cancer

“…Huang et al 45 found that nicotine stimulates S. gordonii planktonic cell growth, biofilm formation, aggregation, and gene expression translated into binding proteins. Furthermore, Shan et al 46 suggested that nicotine can enhance the growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and C. parapsilosisin vitro and influence their adherence to the surface of microplate wells that mimic the tooth surface adherence. These effects may promote later pathogen attachment to tooth surfaces, the accumulation of tooth calculus, and the development of periodontal disease in cigarette smokers.…”