Significance of Chronic Diseases and Smoking Behavior in the Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Indonesia

Rachmawati, Emma; Listiowati, Ekorini; Kurniawan, Deni Wahyudi; Suraya, Izza; Ahsan, Abdillah; Nurmansyah, Mochamad Iqbal

doi:10.1177/10105395211002624

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The results provide further evidence in terms of ACEs’ association with chronic health conditions later on life. Ineffective coping and risk behaviors, such as smoking, are among the most commonly used unhealthy behaviors among individual who lack mental health and psychosocial resources, and these behaviors lead to physiological deterioration [ 31 ]. The findings of this study sustain the connection between disruptive behaviors among children who lack resilience, which make it difficult for them to get through their stress and manage day-to-day issues, causing further psychological and physical harm [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health in Rural Areas of Riyadh Province in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Alhowaymel

Alenezi

2022

Healthcare

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their consequences are a worldwide problem. ACEs are primary stressors that have a long-term impact on the body and mind during development. They are linked to a variety of chronic illnesses in adults. Information about ACEs and health and risk behaviors is scarce among rural populations. The study aimed to examine ACEs, chronic diseases, and risk behaviors, as well as to explore the relationship between them and number of sociodemographic factors among adults living in rural areas in Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling method were utilized to collect information. A self-reported questionnaire, including an ACEs questionnaire as well as direct health and risk behaviors questions, was used. In total, 68.2% of the respondents reported at least one ACE, and 34.2% reported four or more ACEs. Emotional and physical abuse were the most reported forms. Hypertension and chronic respiratory disease were the most reported chronic diseases. Depression and anxiety were associated with ACEs, indicating that those who reported four or more ACEs were more likely to develop depression and anxiety. ACEs contribute to many negative health outcomes; thus, identifying the prevalence of ACEs among the rural population is essential for future health-related actions. It is also important that chronic diseases and risk behaviors be specifically identified among the rural population in order to prioritize these actions. Future research should further investigate ACEs and other determinants of health among the rural population, taking into consideration the inclusion of more diverse people, such as older adults and those from other rural areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health in Rural Areas of Riyadh Province in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Alhowaymel

Alenezi

2022

Healthcare

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“…Self-treatment in patients experiencing COVID-19-like symptoms by purchasing medicines at pharmacies/stalls is common but may increase the risk of developing more severe symptoms, especially in comorbidities such as diabetes, chronic heart disease, hypertension, and chronic liver diseases. 5 Elderly, diabetics, hypertensive, and obese patients are at increased risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19 infection. 6 Diabetes and shortness of breath are associated with seeking treatment from health workers in the public health center and/or hospitals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment-Seeking Behavior of Patients With COVID-19 and Its Related Factors in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Nurjana¹,

Amran

Halim

et al. 2022

Asia Pac J Public Health

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“…A previous study showed that smokers were 1.4 times more likely to have severe symptoms and approximately 2.4 times to be admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), need mechanical ventilation, or die, than non-smokers 6 . A similar study showed that patients who currently smoked had a five times greater risk of developing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) compared to non-smokers 7 . Indonesia has the fourth highest smoking rate globally, with one-third (33.8%) active adult smokers by 2018 and the highest number of male smokers worldwide 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Association between cigarette smoking patterns and severity of COVID-19: Findings from a study in 15 private Hospitals in Indonesia

Rachmawati¹,

Nurmansyah²,

Suraya³

et al. 2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Indonesia is ranked fourth among countries with the highest smoking rates and has the highest number of male smokers globally. This study aimed to assess the association between cigarette smoking patterns and the severity of COVID-19 among patients in 15 Indonesian hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August 2020 using medical records of 490 COVID-19 patients, including the history of their smoking patterns from 15 private referral hospitals in 5 provinces. The severity was defined based on the Guidelines on the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Health, which was indicated by the care provided to patients, namely outpatient, inpatient, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) services for mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. Smoking patterns were grouped based on adult tobacco use classifications of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS The results showed that 69.8% of respondents had not smoked cigarettes, 17.1% were active smokers, and 13.1% were former smokers. A significant difference was seen in the number of cigarettes smoked by patients in the ICU, inpatients, and outpatients, among current smokers and passive smokers (p=0.018 and p=0.005, respectively). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the severity of COVID-19 among current smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers. The time from when smoking was stopped among former smokers was not associated with the severity of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in COVID-19 severity between groups of smokers. Passive smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers daily were associated with the severity of COVID-19. Smoke-free policies should be implemented continuously to protect people from the dangers of secondhand smoke.

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Significance of Chronic Diseases and Smoking Behavior in the Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Indonesia

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health in Rural Areas of Riyadh Province in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health in Rural Areas of Riyadh Province in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Treatment-Seeking Behavior of Patients With COVID-19 and Its Related Factors in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Association between cigarette smoking patterns and severity of COVID-19: Findings from a study in 15 private Hospitals in Indonesia

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