Signaling Pathways in the Development of Infantile Hemangioma

Abstract

Background: Expression of transcription-factors as Slug and Sox9 was recently described to determine mammary stem-cell state. Sox10 was previously shown to be present also in breast cancer. Protein overexpression of Slug, Sox9 and Sox10 were associated with poor overall survival and with triple-negative phenotype in breast cancer. In this study we tested the stability of Slug, Sox9 and Sox10 expression during chemotherapy and addressed their prognostic role of in neoadjuvant treated primary breast-cancer and their correlation to pathological-response and overall survival. Methods: We analyzed immunohistochemical expression of Slug, Sox9 and Sox10 in tissue microarrays of 96 breast cancers prior to and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Expression was evaluated in invasive tumor cells and in tumor stroma and scored as 0, 1+, 2+ 3+. Expression-profile prior to and after chemotherapy was correlated to overall survival (Kaplan Meier) and with established clinico-pathological parameter.

MicroRNA‐1 (miR‐1) inhibits chordoma cell migration and invasion by targeting slug

“…In malignant tumors, Slug expression was immunohistochemically detected in breast cancer (97%), as well as in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (70.3%), colorectal carcinoma (37%), gastric cancer (29.9%), and bladder cancer (15.8%). Over‐expression of Slug reportedly correlates with recurrence, metastasis, histological grade, and poor outcomes of various cancers . The present study demonstrates that Slug is over‐expressed in chordoma cell lines and tissues.…”

“…Slug, a member of the snail family of transcription factors, is reportedly one of the direct targets of miR‐1, and is associated with various biological functions such as proliferation, cell migration, cell invasion, angiogenesis, adhesion, and drug resistance in lung cancer . Furthermore, over‐expression of Slug correlates with poor outcomes, recurrence, distant metastasis, and the histological grade of various cancers . More recently, over‐expression of Slug has been found in the tissue of an aggressive chordoma patient.…”

The prognostic implication of slug in all tumour patients – a systematic meta‐analysis

“…Phloroglucinol can suppress basal‐type breast cancer cells by downregulating Slug both in vitro and in mouse . Significant reduction of Slug expression was also observed in patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy . The knock‐down of Axl which can activate RTK in liver cancer cell lines can downregulate Slug expression and lower the invasiveness of HCC cell lines .…”