Signaling game approach to improve the MAC protocol in the underwater wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Summary Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are instructed for critical applications like military surveillance and underwater oil spills that conducted in a very massive three‐dimensional (3‐D) space that needs many underwater nodes (UNs) to cover the target area. Those UNs are not easy to recharge and cannot exploit solar power. MAC protocols deployed for UWSN ought to consider the energy efficiency, so as, to extend the network lifetime with total connectivity and significant throughput. Terrestrial MAC protocols could not be used for UWSN due to long and unpredictable propagation delay. Consequently, the development of a new MAC protocol for the harsh environment as underwater is a challenging task. In this study, we focus on the deployment of TDMA in UWSN for this, two schemes entitled TDMA slot sharing (TSS) and free time slots reallocation (FTSR) are proposed. Received data stored in the buffer waiting for processing and forwarding might lead to an unlimited data transfer latency those results in the buffer overflow. Otherwise, free time slots appearing during the communication process resulting from dead nodes increase uselessly sleep time for the rest of the nodes. Both schemes based on signaling game are proposed to overcome those problems, TSS is used to enable the slot sharing between UNs during the communication process to reduce the buffer overflow. FTSR scheme aims to increase the throughput of UNs by allowing the reuse of free time slots. Numerical results conducted in this work show good improvement in the network performance concerning throughput.

MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks Using EM Wave With TDMA Based Control Channel

“…Terrestrial MAC protocols could not be used for UWSNs due to different channel dynamics, long and unpredictable propagation delay, energy constraint and high attenuation [5]- [7]. Therefore, designing efficient MAC protocols for UWSNs is of paramount importance, which is also a popular research area [2], [5], [6], [8], [9]. In contention-free MAC protocols, nodes of a network share the channel in a mutually exclusive manner leading to a collision free system.…”

Game theoretic application for energy efficient mobility handling in wireless sensor network

“…Non cooperative game theory has been applied in Reference 44 and cooperative game theory is used in Reference 45 to solve issues at MAC layer in WSN. Moreover, signaling game has been used in Reference 46 to model underwater sensor networks. Two schemes Time‐division multiple access (TDMA) slot sharing and free time slots reallocation have been designed for interaction between nodes for a dynamic and adaptive‐free TDMA time slots sharing and reallocation.…”