Signal Use by Octopuses in Agonistic Interactions

Scheel, David; Godfrey‐Smith, Peter; Lawrence, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.033

Cited by 73 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For example, it has been reported that the squid Loligo plei display specific body patterns in order to threaten their opponents during male-male fighting behavior (DiMarco and . It has also been found that a dominant octopus shows dark body patterns in order to threaten their subordinates (Scheel et al, 2016). In addition, it has been demonstrated that female mature squids show bright stripes on the dorsal mantle, similar to the bright white testis of adult males, which is indicative of female choice (avoidance of mating) during courtship behavior (DeMartini et al, 2013).…”

Section: Visual Signals Determine the Behavioral Outcome During Squidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it has been observed that male squids showed agonistic behavior and fight for the possession of the female during reproductive interactions (Moynihan and Rodaniche, 1982;Jantzen and Havenhand, 2003b). Cephalopods are highly visual animals and they communicate through dynamic body patterning, thus it is likely that visual communication between males and females during courtship behaviors, as well as between different males during agonistic behavior, may determine their mating strategies (Hanlon et al, , 2002(Hanlon et al, , 2005Jantzen and Havenhand, 2003a,b;Naud et al, 2004Naud et al, , 2016Iwata et al, 2005;Wada et al, 2005;Huffard et al, 2008;Buresch et al, 2009;Scheel et al, 2016).…”

Section: Visual Signals Determine the Behavioral Outcome During Squidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visual communication in cephalopods involves sophisticated displays that are characterized by many visually appealing body patterns (Moynihan and Rodaniche, 1982;Hanlon, 1988;Hanlon et al, 1994Hanlon et al, , 1999Hanlon and Messenger, 1996;Jantzen and Havenhand, 2003a,b;Caldwell et al, 2015;Scheel et al, 2016). The body pattern of a cephalopod consists of a combination of chromatic, textural, postural, and locomotor components, and a subset of these components may be combined together at any given time to create a specific and different body pattern (Packard andSanders, 1969, 1971;Packard and Hochberg, 1977;Hanlon, 1982;Roper and Hochberg, 1988;Hanlon et al, 1994Hanlon et al, , 1999Hanlon and Messenger, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the male-female interactions, agonistic behavior among males often seems to be involved in these reproductive interactions. Cephalopods are highly visual animals and they communicate regularly through dynamic body patterning, thus it seems likely that visual communication between males and females during courtship behavior and between males and males during agonistic behavior may determine the mating strategies and success of these individuals (Hanlon and Messenger, 1996;Jantzen and Havenhand, 2003a;Scheel et al, 2016). Thus, interpreting this communication system is fundamental to understanding the processes involved in sexual selection among these species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

2017

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Cephalopods use a diverse range of body patterns for visual communication. Each pattern is composed of several distinct chromatic components that are under neural control and are expressed dynamically. In the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana, males use distinct body patterns to interact with females and other males at the spawning site. To systematically examine their visual signals during reproductive behavior, an ethogram of 27 body pattern components produced by S. lessoniana was observed in both the wild and captivity; these were then characterized. Five behaviors were commonly seen among these reproductively active squids, namely parallel swimming, male guarding, male-male fighting, male-parallel mating, and male-upturn mating. Each behavior was found to be composed of the expression in a temporal sequence of different chromatic components. By analyzing the dynamic body patterning time series associated with each behavior, it was found that a certain subset of components was expressed simultaneously or sequentially in response to conspecifics. Importantly, the results not only revealed that each behavior is composed of multiple chromatic components, but the findings also showed that each component is often associated with multiple behaviors. To gain insight into the visual communication associated with each behavior in terms of the body patterning's key components, the co-expression frequencies of two or more components at any moment in time were calculated in order to assess uniqueness when distinguishing one behavior from another. This approach identified the minimum set of key components that, when expressed together, represents an unequivocal visual communication signal. While the interpretation of the signal and the associated response of the receiver during visual communication are difficult to determine, the concept of the component assembly is similar to a typical language within which individual words often have multiple meanings, but when they appeared together with other words, the message becomes unequivocal. The present study thus demonstrates that dynamic body pattering, by expressing unique sets of key components acutely, is an efficient way of communicating behavioral information between oval squids.

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Section: Visual Signals Determine the Behavioral Outcome During Squidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Visual Signals Determine the Behavioral Outcome During Squidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

2017

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“…We first applied the extended model (13) to the case of mixed sexs with equal we find that f = 0 and m = 1 (n f 0 = 1/11,n m 0 = 0). The number of configurations is 346 then ⌦ = 9 3 8 3 = 4704.…”

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confidence: 99%

Social tolerance in Octopus laqueus - a maximal entropy model

Edsinger¹,

Pnini

Ono³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Octopus laqueus is a small tropical octopus found in Okinawa, Japan and the greater Indo-Pacific. Octopus are often viewed as solitary animals but O. laqueus live in close proximity in the wild, and will potentially encounter one another on a regular basis, raising the possibility of sociality in the species. To test for social tolerance and social repulsion in O. laqueus, animals were kept in communal tanks, and the number of dens and sex composition was varied per tank, with a set mixture of sizes and with den occupancy tracked per individual. We found that O. laqueus will socially tolerate other individuals by sharing tanks and dens, including several animals in contact and sharing a den under den-limited conditions, and with typically no loss to cannibalism or escape. January 21, 2019 1/27However, animals also exhibit significant levels of social repulsion, and individuals often chose a solitary den when given the option. The patterns of den occupancy are observed to be consistent with a maximum entropy model. Overall, the preference to have a den is stronger than the preference to be solitary in O. laqueus, and the animals are socially tolerant of others in the tank and in a den or shelter, a first for octopuses outside mating. The relaxed disposition and social tolerance of O. laqueus make it a promising species to work with in lab, and for development into a genetic model for social behavior in octopuses. Introduction 1Octopus are traditionally viewed as solitary animals that do not form social 2 aggregations, have relatively few and simple reciprocal interactions, and rarely make 3 physical contact outside aggression and mating [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Further, species are known to be 4 cannibalistic in the laboratory and in the field [8][9][10][11]. However, recent studies [12][13][14] 5 suggest that classifying octopus as merely asocial is overly simplistic. Here and 6 elsewhere in the descriptive sections of this manuscript, we adopt the conventional 7 nomenclature of the field; however, definitions and conventions are not universally 8 shared even within the field, and the predictive value of this nomenclature is unresolved. 9Our aim is to investigate functional and predictive -as opposed to descriptive -10 characterizations of "sociality;" such a characterization is proposed in materials and 11 methods, and may not necessarily correspond directly to customary notions of sociality. 12 'Asocial'animals by definition reject or lack the capability for social interaction; they 13 are non-interacting, typically ignoring one another. In contrast, some species of octopus 14 show localized aggregated distributions with moderate to high densities, depending on 15 various factors, such as habitat, season, temperature, size, maturity, and prey in the 16 field [1, 14-21]. 17 Octopus aggregations are unlikely to represent gregarious attraction between 18 individuals outside mating [1, 15, 17], but would likely require some amount of social 19 tolerance to minimize frequent aggressive or lethal interactions. Further,...

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Thermo‐ and Mechanochromic Camouflage and Self‐Healing in Biomimetic Soft Actuators Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers

et al. 2021

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In nature, many mysterious creatures capable of deformation camouflage, color camouflage, and self-healing have inspired scientists to develop various biomimetic soft robots. However, the systematic integration of all the above functionalities into a single soft actuator system still remains a challenge. Here we chemically introduce a multi-stimuliresponsive tetraarylsuccinonitrile (TASN) chromophore into a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) network through a facile thiol-ene photoaddition method. The obtained TASN-LCE soft actuators not only exhibit reversible shape-morphing and reversible color-changing behavior in response to heat and mechanical compression, but also show excellent self-healing, reprogramming and recycling characteristics. We hope that such a TASN-LCE actuator system endowed with dynamic distortion, thermo-and mechano-chromic camouflage, and self-healing functionalities would pave the way for further development of multifunctional biomimetic soft robotic devices.

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Signal Use by Octopuses in Agonistic Interactions

Cited by 73 publications

References 33 publications

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

Quantitative Analysis of Dynamic Body Patterning Reveals the Grammar of Visual Signals during the Reproductive Behavior of the Oval Squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana

Social tolerance in Octopus laqueus - a maximal entropy model

Thermo‐ and Mechanochromic Camouflage and Self‐Healing in Biomimetic Soft Actuators Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers

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