Signal Processing of Vector Network Analyzer Measurement for Quartz Crystal Microbalance With Viscous Damping

Songkhla, Sawit Na; Nakamoto, Takamichi

doi:10.1109/jsen.2019.2930733

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In Reference [ 35 ], the admittance for the circuit is expressed:

where

is the viscosity from the liquid load:

where t is the thickness of the quartz plate,

is the angular frequency,

is the piezoelectric constant, and S is the electrode area. In addition, the conductance is expressed as:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity Measurement Sensor: A Prototype for a Novel Medical Diagnostic Method Based on Quartz Crystal Resonator

Miranda-Martínez

González

Zeinoun

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Viscosity variation in human fluids, such as Synovial Fluid (SF) or Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), can be used as a diagnostic factor; however, the sample volume obtained for analysis is usually small, making it difficult to measure its viscosity. On the other hand, Quartz Crystal Resonators (QCR) have been used widely in sensing applications due to their accuracy, cost, and size. This work provides the design and validation of a new viscosity measurement system based on quartz crystal resonators for low volume fluids, leading to the development of a sensor called “ViSQCT” as a prototype for a new medical diagnostic tool. The proposed method is based on measuring the resonance frequency at the crystal’s maximum conductance point through a frequency sweep, where crystals with 10 MHz fundamental resonance frequency were used. For validation purposes, artificial fluids were developed to simulate SFs and CFs in healthy and pathological conditions as experiment phantoms. A commercial QCR based system was also used for validation since its methodology differs from ours. A conventional rotational viscometer was used as a reference for calibration purposes. ViSQCT demonstrates the capability to measure the sample’s viscosity differentiation between healthy and pathological fluid phantoms and shows that it can be used as a basis for a diagnostic method of several pathologies related to the studied biological fluids. However, some performance differences between both QCR-based systems compared to the reference system deserves further investigation.

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“…In Reference [ 35 ], the admittance for the circuit is expressed:

where

is the viscosity from the liquid load:

where t is the thickness of the quartz plate,

is the angular frequency,

is the piezoelectric constant, and S is the electrode area. In addition, the conductance is expressed as:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity Measurement Sensor: A Prototype for a Novel Medical Diagnostic Method Based on Quartz Crystal Resonator

Miranda-Martínez

González

Zeinoun

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The responses of these sensors are characterized by the mass loading and the change in their viscosity, allowing a simultaneous two component measurement. The experimental setup in this work used four Vector Network Analyzers (VNA) (model: DG8SAQ VNWA v3 made by SDR-Kits company) that measured the QCMs conductance vs frequency curves [ 42 ]. This enabled the simultaneous measurement of the changes on the resonant frequency and the resistance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Gas Sensing Materials in Quartz Crystal Microbalances

Aleixandre

Nakamoto

2020

Sensors

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Twenty-eight quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors coated with different sensing films were tested and analyzed in this work; twenty-three sensors were coated in different room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and five additional QCM sensors were coated with conventional films commonly used as stationary phases in gas chromatography. Four volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in gaseous phase—hexanol, butyl acetate, 2-hexanone, and hexanoic acid—were measured. Two transducer mechanisms were used; resonant frequency shift and resistance shift of a QCM Mason equivalent circuit. The sensors were characterized by their sensitivity to the VOCs and their discrimination power of the four VOCs. The highest separation among VOCs was obtained when frequency and resistance information of both RTIL and conventional films was used, a sensor array composed by two RTILs (1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) and two conventional films (tricresyl phosphate and apiezon-L) was found to improve the Wilks lambda separation for the tested gases two orders of magnitude compared to the Wilks lambda using only a conventional films array.

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“…We recently used four VNWAs simultaneously to investigate the response of QCM sensors coated with Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RITL) for odorant sensing [74]. We also investigated the SNR improvement of the QCM measurement with VNWA [75], and the optimized sweeping parameters together with the curve-fitting technique followed by the Savitzky-Golay digital filter. Figure 25A shows the curve-fitting result to obtain circuit components, and Figure 25B shows the reduced signal fluctuation compared with the motional admittance method (see Figure 10).…”

Section: Vector Network Analyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Behavior Analysis and Measurement

Songkhla

Nakamoto

2021

Chemosensors

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Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is one of the many acoustic transducers. It is the most popular and widely used acoustic transducer for sensor applications. It has found wide applications in chemical and biosensing fields owing to its high sensitivity, robustness, small sized-design, and ease of integration with electronic measurement systems. However, it is necessary to coat QCM with a sensing film. Without coating materials, its selectivity and sensitivity are not obtained. At present, this is not an issue, mainly due to the advancement of oscillator circuits and dedicated measurement circuits. Since a new researcher may seek to understand QCM sensors, we provide an overview of QCM from its fundamental knowledge. Then, we explain some of the recent QCM applications both in gas-phase and liquid-phase. Next, the theory of QCM is introduced by using piezoelectric stress equations and the Mason equivalent circuit, which explains how the QCM behavior is obtained. Then, the conventional equations that govern QCM behaviors in terms of resonant frequency and resistance are described. We show the behavior of QCM with a viscous film based on the acoustic wave equation and Mason equivalent circuit. Then, we present various existing QCM electronic measurement methods. Furthermore, we describe the experiment on QCM with viscous loading and its interpretation based on the Mason equivalent circuit. Lastly, we review some theoretical models to describe QCM behavior with various models.

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Signal Processing of Vector Network Analyzer Measurement for Quartz Crystal Microbalance With Viscous Damping

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Viscosity Measurement Sensor: A Prototype for a Novel Medical Diagnostic Method Based on Quartz Crystal Resonator

Viscosity Measurement Sensor: A Prototype for a Novel Medical Diagnostic Method Based on Quartz Crystal Resonator

Study of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Gas Sensing Materials in Quartz Crystal Microbalances

Overview of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Behavior Analysis and Measurement

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