Signal and contrast to noise ratio evaluation of fluoroscopic loops for interventional fluoroscope quality control

Goode, Allen R.; Snyder, Carl J.; Snyder, Angela; Collins, Patricia G.; DeLorenzo, Matthew C.; Lin, Pei‐Jan Paul

doi:10.1002/acm2.12734

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The average SI values of the two observers were used in this study. The CR values of BME and the normal pedicle in spondylosis patients were calculated using the SI values of the spinal cord as per the following formulae [6][7][8]:…”

Section: Contrast Ratio On Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is no proven quantitative method to evaluate BME on MRI for lumbar spondylolysis. In the field of radiology, the contrast ratio (CR) is reported as a quantitative parameter for the analyses of human tissues [7][8][9]. Although some studies have reported on the CR in the fields of pulmonary medicine and liver disease [10,11], few studies have reported on the CR in the field of the spine surgery [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Assessment of Bone Marrow Edema in Adolescent Athletes with Lumbar Spondylolysis Using Contrast Ratio on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

et al. 2021

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Study Design: Prospective cohort study.Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate bone marrow edema (BME) in the pedicle on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for adolescent athlete patients with spondylolysis.Overview of Literature: Spondylolysis, a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis, is a common occurrence in adolescent athletes with low back pain. T2-weighed fat-saturated MRI is reportedly useful for the detection of BME in the pedicle in the early stage of spondylolysis; however, to our knowledge, the quantitative assessment of BME in spondylolysis has not been reported.Methods: Adolescent athletes with spondylolysis, including those with symptoms of low back pain, were enrolled. The sporting activity of the patients was restricted, and a hard brace was attached to the spine. The BME range of interest was taken on T2-weighed fat-saturated MRI, and the signal intensity (SI) of the BME (SIedema) was measured. The contrast ratio (CR) between the SI of the BME and SI of the spinal cord (SIcord) was calculated per the following formulae: CRedema=(SIedema–SIcord)/(SIedema+SIcord). The CR of the normal pedicle was measured as a control per the following formulae: CRcontrol=(SIcontrol–SIcord)/(SIcontrol+SIcord).Results: The study enrolled 32 men and one woman; the mean patient age was 15.2 years (range, 12–18 years). The average CR of the edema and normal pedicle at the first visit was 0.506 (range, 0.097–0.804) and 0.137 (range, -0.741 to 0.572), respectively. The CR of the edema was significantly higher as compared to that of the normal pedicle (p<0.01). MRI that was performed 1 month after the first visit showed that the CR of the edema had decreased to 0.204 (range, -0.152 to 0.517). The CR of the edema 1 month thereafter was significantly lower than that at the first visit (p<0.01).Conclusions: Quantitative assessment of BME using CR on MRI is useful in the evaluation of the healing process of spondylolysis.

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Section: Contrast Ratio On Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Assessment of Bone Marrow Edema in Adolescent Athletes with Lumbar Spondylolysis Using Contrast Ratio on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, a method often is described as a "double clutch" so that a possible spectral filter or other parameters may change as needed due to increased or different phantom loading. Goode et al [32] have been utilized 0.3 mm Cu spectral filter in a normal fluoro dose level and to reach a low dose setting with high beam quality, the copper spectral filter increased 0.6 mm besides lessening 5 mGy/min dose rate and growing kVp by 3. They indicated that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is increased from normal to low dose level for a thickened phantom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Band pass filter plan in fluoroscopy for high energy range

et al. 2019

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In fluoroscopy, the absorption edge, the energy range, and the X-ray spectrum peak are the most important factors in filtration to obtain a proper image. Here, an experimental study was conducted to determine the filters that remove low-energy spectrums and attenuate high-energy ranges so that they cannot fundamentally affect image quality and diminish the absorbed dose by the patient. Considering the attenuation curves of proper elements besides accessibility and productivity issues, three elements were investigated that comprised Copper, Lead and Tin with diverse thicknesses in the X-ray energy range of 100 to 125 keV. Also, a simulation study by Monte Carlo N-Particle code was performed with an accuracy of 99%. The findings demonstrated that the use of a 0.1 mm lead filter retains the best image quality along with a significant reduction in the dose ratio obtained by raising milliampere. Multi or auxiliary filters require additional testing to achieve better image quality. In order to obtain the best possible X-ray band pass spectrum, the analysis of the attenuation and absorption profiles of the various elements plays an essential role in the calculation of the output intensities.

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“…The SI values of the T2 high-intensity lesion (H) and the spinal cord (C) were used to calculate the signal ratio (SR) and contrast ratio (CR). The SR and CR were calculated according to the following formulae [16,17]:…”

Section: Signal Ratio and Contrast Ratio On Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination between spinal cord injury and cervical compressive myelopathy in intramedullary high-intensity lesions on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Kamei

Nakanishi

Nakamae

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: When intramedullary high-intensity lesions are found on cervical T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of patients with whiplash injury, it is often required to identify whether they are due to spinal cord injury (SCI) or cervical compressive myelopathy (CCM). This is important to determine insurance coverage. Thus, this study aimed to develop a method to distinguish between SCI and CCM.Methods: Magnetic resonance images of 20 patients who had cervical SCI were evaluated. These 20 SCI patients were age- and sex-matched to 20 CCM patients. The number of discs adjacent to T2 high-intensity lesions was counted because the T2 high-intensity lesions in SCI were characterized by sagittal dilation. The “snake-eyes appearance” was assessed as a characteristic finding of CCM. T2 values in T2 high-intensity lesions were evaluated quantitatively by its ratio with the T2 values in the normal spinal cord, including signal ratio and contrast ratio.Results: The number of discs adjacent to T2 high-intensity lesions was significantly higher in SCI than in CCM. The snake-eyes appearance was found in 9 of 20 CCM patients, but not in SCI patients. The signal ratio and contrast ratio on axial images were significantly higher in SCI than in CCM. A new diagnostic scale was created based on these results. This diagnostic scale has made it possible to distinguish SCI and CCM with >90% accuracy from all perspectives including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.Conclusions: The features of T2 high-intensity lesions can be used to distinguish between SCI and CCM.

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Signal and contrast to noise ratio evaluation of fluoroscopic loops for interventional fluoroscope quality control

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Quantitative Assessment of Bone Marrow Edema in Adolescent Athletes with Lumbar Spondylolysis Using Contrast Ratio on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Quantitative Assessment of Bone Marrow Edema in Adolescent Athletes with Lumbar Spondylolysis Using Contrast Ratio on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Band pass filter plan in fluoroscopy for high energy range

Discrimination between spinal cord injury and cervical compressive myelopathy in intramedullary high-intensity lesions on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

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