Band pass filter plan in fluoroscopy for high energy range

Abstract

In fluoroscopy, the absorption edge, the energy range, and the X-ray spectrum peak are the most important factors in filtration to obtain a proper image. Here, an experimental study was conducted to determine the filters that remove low-energy spectrums and attenuate high-energy ranges so that they cannot fundamentally affect image quality and diminish the absorbed dose by the patient. Considering the attenuation curves of proper elements besides accessibility and productivity issues, three elements were investigated that comprised Copper, Lead and Tin with diverse thicknesses in the X-ray energy range of 100 to 125 keV. Also, a simulation study by Monte Carlo N-Particle code was performed with an accuracy of 99%. The findings demonstrated that the use of a 0.1 mm lead filter retains the best image quality along with a significant reduction in the dose ratio obtained by raising milliampere. Multi or auxiliary filters require additional testing to achieve better image quality. In order to obtain the best possible X-ray band pass spectrum, the analysis of the attenuation and absorption profiles of the various elements plays an essential role in the calculation of the output intensities.

Examining Neural Correlates of Sexual Preferences between Persian Homo- and Heterosexual Males Using Psychological Assessments and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Specifying Cognitive Map: A Limited and Cross-sectional Study

“…The CT, MRI, and fMRI techniques have long been established as suitable functional methods for studying the metabolism of a specific organ. [106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118] Regardless of all psychological issues and from the physical health perspective, the metabolic detecting by positron or single photon emission computed tomography [119][120][121][122][123][124][125] -using distinct radiopharmaceuticals [126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133] besides registration of neuroimages could accelerate the finding relationship between sexual activity, health, and also cancer [134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142] from prostate and oral-esophageal cancer risk by human papillomavirus. The operative and adjuvant ways acknowledge that brain performance is significantly distinguished by neuroimaging in personality evaluation and also psychological schedules.…”

Assessment of absorbed dose in deformed breast tissue by Monte Carlo simulation

“…The absorbed dose is estimated with the assumption of homogeneous tissue distribution. In reality, the accuracy of the estimate is controversial, because the breast is composed of inhomogeneous tissues [8][9][10]. This study is intended to provide a pertinent moldable perspective to the currently utilized methods of calculating the KV as a function of distance from nipple.…”