Signal amplification strategies for clinical biomarker quantification using elemental mass spectrometry

Living in a transient world: ICP-MS reinvented via time-resolved analysis for monitoring single events

“…For more details about amplification strategies, the reader is referred elsewhere. 153 SC-ICP-MS shows a wide range of different applications. It allows for the quantification of the absolute amounts (masses) of endogenous and exogenous metal(loid)s, as well as of some important non-metals (e.g., P, S).…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

“…Element tagging for immunoassay readout with ICP-MS has gained popularity over recent years and methodological developments are summarised in two review articles. 9,11 Numerous immunoassay formats have been evaluated, primarily using REE and transition metals with various signal amplications strategies. While elemental MS detection can offer technological advantages for immunoassays in terms of LOD and multiplexing capability, instrumentation remains relatively complex compared to automated readout methods such as uorescence, chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence.…”

“…Using rolling circular amplication, protein quantitation was achieved with higher sensitivity but smaller dynamic range than with Eu/Sm tagging. 11,179,181 Yin et al 182 used Mucin 1 (MUC1) from the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 to model a multifunctional platform based on capture and release for non-destructive enumeration of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), thus allowing for subsequent molecular and functional readouts. Capture of MUC1 by capture probes (MUC1 specic aptamer hybridized to partially complementary strand (initiator) and immobilised on magnetic beads) caused release of initiator strands that were then hybridised to Tb labelled complementary strands (substrates) immobilised on detection probes.…”

“…10 These authors 10 further discussed how amplication strategies based on the use of labels containing several atoms of an element, such as inorganic NPs, increase the sensitivity of the process. The concept of target labelling and signal amplication using NPs was also discussed by Larraga-Urdaz et al 11 Procedures for the speciation of As in clinical and food samples have been discussed in considerable detail in previous Updates. Most of these featured some form of chromatography to separate the species prior to the measurement of As, but a few workers have shown that a degree of separation can be achieved based on the sample preparation.…”

Standard-free single magnetic bead evaluation: a stable nanoplatform for prostate disease differentiation

“…15,16 Moreover, specic standards are still required since the stoichiometry of the total probe concentration is hard to precisely determine. 17 As a solution, a standardfree strategy where the intrinsic proportion of biomarker subtypes can be revealed directly by the ratio of probe signals, attracts much attention. The construction of a stable data acquisitions and processing platform with unitary criteria is an ever-increasing demand.…”