Sight-threatening intraocular pressure due to an upper arm dialysis fistula

Unilateral Proptosis (Exophthalmos) Caused by Axillary-Subclavian Venous Thrombosis in a Patient with Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Dialysis Fistula

“…6 Hypercoagulability associated with end-stage renal disease 7 and elevated venous pressure caused by a hemodialysis AVF also have been described as contributors to the thrombotic process. 4 8 Our patient had no history of prothrombotic disease or malignancy, renal graft function had remained stable since transplantation, and coagulation profile was unremarkable. Although the patient denies having had left-sided inserted central lines, the presence of prominent venous collaterals suggests the presence of a previous long-standing moderate- to high-grade stenosis that may have led to the thrombosis.…”

“… 5 12 13 To our knowledge, only three previous cases of proptosis have been described in patients with central venous thrombosis or stenosis and an ipsilateral dialysis fistula. 2 4 …”

“… 1 However, a similar clinical entity caused by arterialized retrograde venous flow in the jugular venous system also has been described. 2 3 4 5 We report an unusual case of a patient with antecedent of left brachiocephalic arteriovenous hemodialysis fistula, and ipsilateral proptosis as clinical manifestation of acute axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis.…”

Bilateral Dilated Superior Ophthalmic Veins in a Patient With an Arteriovenous Dialysis Fistula

“…2 Gómez-Arbeláez et al 12 identified 3 cases of proptosis in this patient group, 1 of which was bilateral as seen in our patient. 13–14 SOV dilation also has been infrequently described in this patient group but is generally unilateral. Based on our review of the PubMed and Embase databases, 1 prior case of bilateral SOV dilation has been reported in this setting.…”

“…Based on our review of the PubMed and Embase databases, 1 prior case of bilateral SOV dilation has been reported in this setting. 13…”