Sigara Dumanına Maruz Kalan Sıçanlarda Tokoferalinin Oksidatif Stres ve Over Fonksiyonlarına Etkisi

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the role of α-tocopherol in inhibiting ovarian oxidative stress, changes in ovarian follicles, estradiol levels, and the thickness of the endometrium in rats exposed to tobacco smoke. Material and Methods: Forty female rats were divided into five groups consisting of a control group; group exposed to tobacco smoke; groups exposed to tobacco smokes receiving α-tocopherol supplementation at doses of 100; 200, and 400 mg/kg. Exposure to tobacco smoke was induced using smoke pumping equipment which was designed and made available in the Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. Analysis of MDA level was done colorimetrically. Analysis of the number of ovarian follicles and endometrial thickness was done histopathologically with hematoxylin eosin staining. Analysis of estradiol level was done by ELISA technique. Results: Exposure to tobacco smoke in rats can increase ovarian MDA level (0.388 ± 0.085) significantly compared to the control (0.121 ± 0.026) (P> 0.05). α-tocopherol in various doses can reduce MDA level significantly compared to the group exposed to tobacco smoke (P <0.05), but has not reached the levels of the control group. Exposure to tobacco smoke can reduce the number of primary and secondary follicles significantly compared to the control (P <0.05), and tended to decrease the number of De Graff follicles in the ovaries despite not significant (P> 0.05). Administration of αtocopherol in different doses increased the number of secondary follicles which reached the number in the control group (P> 0.05). The number of primary follicles in the α-tocopherol group of the first dose (3.8 ± 1.095) was comparable to the control group (3.8 ± 1.095) (P> 0.05). The numbers of secondary follicles in the α-tocopherol group of the first dose (5.2 ± 1.304) and of the second dose (5.4 ± 0.548) were significantly higher than the control group (3.6 ± 0.548) (P < 0.05). Tobacco smoke lowered estradiol level (10.815 ± 2.374) significantly compared with no exposure (21.354 ± 4.215) (P < 0.05). Administration of α-tocopherol in different doses increased estradiol level, reaching the level in the control group (P > 0.05). Tobacco smoke lowered thickness of endometrium (209.491 ± 38.635) significantly compared with no exposure (600.265 ± 76.563) (P < 0.05). The α-tocopherol of the first dose (604. 569 ± 33.621) and of the second dose (609.459 ± 37.105) increase estradiol levels, reaching the level in the control group (600.265 ± 76.563) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the results describe above, it was concluded that α-tocopherol could prevent oxidative damage and loss of ovarian function due to exposure to tobacco smoke characterized by decreased levels of MDA, increases in Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article 203 Ratnawati et al. Cukurova Medical Journal primary and secondary follicles, as well as the hormone estradiol. Furthermore, it also increased the thickness of endometrium.

High Sensitivity of NO Gas Sensors Based on Novel Ag-Doped ZnO Nanoflowers Enhanced with a UV Light-Emitting Diode

“…The permissible exposure limit of NO is 25 ppm, as indicated by OSHA. 2 Furthermore, airway inflammation, such as bronchiectasis 3 and asthma, 4 can be detected by the concentration of exhaled NO as a biomarker. Previous studies have reported that transcriptional regulation and ion channel functions are influenced by NO, and thus neuron death caused by neurodegenerative diseases can be implied by the level of NO.…”

“…Overall, asthma patients breathe out high concentrations of NO of approximately 35−50 ppb, which is 3−4 times higher than that breathed out by healthy people. 4 Semiconductor metal oxides have been widely applied in gas sensors for over several decades because of their unique advantages, 5 including low cost, high gas sensitivity, and excellent integration with silicon microfabrication. 6 Zinc oxide (ZnO) has a hexagonal structure, lattice constants of a = 0.324−0.326 nm and c = 0.513−0.543 nm, a high band gap energy (∼3.4 eV), and a high exciton binding energy (60 meV) at room temperature, which makes it one of the most popular and most widely used gas-sensing metal oxides 7 for the detection of environmentally harmful and toxic gases such as nitric oxide (NO), 8 ethanol, 9 ozone (O 3 ), 10 carbon monoxide (CO), 11 and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ).…”