Sideritis Perfoliata (Subsp. Perfoliata) Nutritive Value and Its Potential Medicinal Properties

Abstract

Sideritis perfoliata L. subsp. perfoliata is an endemic species of the Eastern Mediterranean region with several uses in traditional medicine. The present study aims to explore the unknown properties of S. perfoliata investigating the nutritional content as well as the antioxidant, anticancer, antituberculosis, antiwrinkle, anti-acne, hyper/hypo-pigmentation and antibacterial activities. Mineral content, nutritional value, the composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil, the antityrosinase, the antibacterial activity and anti-elastase potential of the extract, were evaluated. The antiproliferative activity of S. perfoliata against cervical cancer (HeLa), human melanoma (UCT-Mel-1), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) was investigated. Cytotoxic effects on normal human keratinocyte (HaCat) and kidney epithelial (Vero) cell lines were also determined. Sideritis perfoliata exhibited high nutritional value of proteins and minerals (K, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu). The most abundant components of the essential oil were found to be α-pinene, β-phelladrene, valeranone, β-pinene and sabinene. The ethanolic extract of S. perfoliata displayed moderate antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity against Prevotella intermedia. Noteworthy elastase and moderate anticancer potential against the human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) was observed with IC50 values of 57.18 ± 3.22 μg/mL and 64.27 ± 2.04 μg/mL respectively. The noteworthy in vitro activity of S. perfoliata could be due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols in the leaves, having high nutritional value. Sideritis perfoliata could potentially be useful to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and for the treatment of liver cancer. The moderate antibacterial, antioxidant and elastase activity of the plant can be linked to the traditional use of S. perfoliata for the treatment of wounds and inflammation.

Traditionally Used Sideritis cypria Post.: Phytochemistry, Nutritional Content, Bioactive Compounds of Cultivated Populations

“…Comparing to other species of the genus, S. cypria leaves have similar levels of potassium (28.40 g/kg) with the leaves of S. perfoliata, ranging from 20.65 to 29.84 g/kg, depending on the cultivation method (Chrysargyris et al, 2019b). S. cypria has almost two times higher content of phosphorus and calcium, in both plant parts, than S. perfoliata (Chrysargyris et al, 2019b;Lall et al, 2019). Species S. scardica and S. raeseri appear poorer in terms of mineral content, and demonstrate almost half the quantities of the majority of nutrients as K, P, Ca, Mg (Karapandzova et al, 2013), compared to S. cypria.…”

Phenolic Profile and Bioactivities of Sideritis perfoliata L.: The Plant, Its Most Active Extract, and Its Broad Biological Properties

“…The species is mainly distributed to the east and Mediterranean region of Turkey (Davis, 1982). S. perfoliata is of great interest in term of traditional uses as it has antimicrobial, analgesic, stomachic, and carminative properties (Gonzalez-Burgos et al, 2011;Lall et al, 2019). There are only a few papers written on Sideritis perfoliata L. (Loizzo et al, 2007;Charami et al, 2008;Loizzo et al, 2008;Petreska et al, 2011;Çelik et al, 2016), and only one reports its LC-DAD-ESI-MS n profile and content of phenolic compounds (3 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, 8 phenylethanoid glycosides, and 24 flavonoid glycosides) (Petreska et al, 2011).…”

Skin-Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Peanut Shell Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

“…Collagen is a major extracellular matrix that comprises 90% of the dermis. Collagen protects and gives elasticity to the skin and is involved in the mechanical rigidity of the skin, resistance, and binding of connective tissues, and proliferation and differentiation of cells [ 7 ]. Proteins that make up extracellular matrix, such as collagen, are decomposed by collagenase, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), causing wrinkles, decreased elasticity, and sagging of the skin [ 8 ].…”