Magnetic dipole (Ml) transitions in atomic systems can be classified into two types. If in a non-relativistic description of the atomic states the spatial parts of the initial and final wavefunctions are the same, as in the hydrogenic transition 22P312-+ PPpl/~+y, one has an 'ordinary' or 'unhindered' transition. If the spatial parts are Joseph Sucher interaction between the quark and the antiquark is illustrated. A brief survey is given of recent attempts to overcome the deficiencies of the model. The review concludes with a discussion of other problems of current interest in which relativistic M1 transitions may play an important role. This review was received in March 1978. Magnetic dipole transitions in atomic and particle physics: ions and psions 1783 Contents 1. Introduction. 2. Theory of M1 transitions in H and H-like ions , 2.1. Non-relativistic theory. 2.2. Relativistic theory. 2.3. How do metastable S states decay? A brief history 3.1. Experimental developments in the 1970s 3.2. Theory of the 23S1-+ 11So+y decay. 3.3. Comparison of theory with experiment. 4.1. The discovery of the psions. 4.2. T h e three c's: charm, colour and confinement 4.3. Width of (E , c) bound states and the 021 rule 5.1. Description of the model 5.2. Qualitative predictions and comparison with experiment. 5.3. Quantitative aspects of the extreme non-relativistic model 6. Radiative transitions of two-body bound states of spin-& particles 6.1. Relativistic wave equation. 6.2. Transformation to Pauli-type wavefunctions , 6.3. Effective potential. 6.4. Theory of radiative decay 6.5. Partial summary and cases of special interest , 6.6. Decay rate formulae. 7. Application to the narrow resonances. 7.1. Computation of M1 decay rates , 7.2. Comparison with experiment. 7.3. Survey of present status 8. Concluding remarks .