Side Effects of Xenon Inhalation

Yonas, Howard; Grundy, Betty L.; Gur, David; Shabason, L.; Wolfson, Sidney K.; Cook, Eugene E.

doi:10.1097/00004728-198108000-00029

Cited by 63 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…With respect to side effects, unpleasant dysesthesia, brief unresponsiveness, anxiety, and euphoria were reported by Yonas et al 23 in subjects who inhaled 28-47% Xe 1 for 3-6 minutes, confirming observations by others. 35 " 37 Anesthetic effects were described as long ago as 1951 by Cullen and Gross 22 with xenon concentrations as low as 20%.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…However, we know that high concentrations of Xe' may alter consciousness and the electroencephalogram (EEG). 20 - 23 Therefore, many groups use ^35% Xe' in O* which still permits a sufficient increase in Hounsfield units during inhalation to allow calculation of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). We previously conducted a study on six baboons that showed that rCBF and EEG were influenced by Xe 5 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of stable xenon on regional cerebral blood flow and the electroencephalogram in normal volunteers.

Hartmann

Dettmers

Schuier

et al. 1991

Stroke

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We evaluated the effects of breathing 35% stable xenon in 65% oxygen on regional cerebral blood flow and the electroencephalogram in 20 normal volunteers. We measured blood flow in 32 brain regions over both hemispheres with the xenon-133 intravenous injection technique in two protocols. In the first protocol (n = 10), a baseline study was followed by a second study during 5 minutes of breathing stable xenon; in the other protocol (n=8), the baseline study was followed by a second study after 5 minutes of breathing stable xenon. Two volunteers were excluded due to excessive movements during the inhalation of stable xenon. Some of the remaining 18 volunteers had varying alterations of consciousness accompanied by electroencephalogram changes. After stable xenon inhalation the electroencephalogram returned to normal within 2-3 minutes. During stable xenon inhalation mean±SD PECO 2 dropped significantly from 39.4±4.4 to 33J±5.4 mm Hg in the first protocol and from 39.4±2.6 to 34.8±4.1 mm Hg in the second protocol due to hyperventilation in 13 volunteers. Mean regional cerebral blood flow increased significantly by 13.5-25.4% without correction for PECO 2 . In the first protocol regional cerebral blood flow increased by >L2% in 11-14 (depending on the flow parameter) of the 20 hemispheres. In the second protocol regional cerebral blood flow increased by >12% in 9-13 of the 16 hemispheres. We conclude that cautious interpretation is necessary in the assessment of regional cerebral blood flow with 35% xenon-enhanced computed tomography. {Stroke 1991;22:182-189)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stable xenon on regional cerebral blood flow and the electroencephalogram in normal volunteers.

Hartmann

Dettmers

Schuier

et al. 1991

Stroke

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“…In addition, in initial studies with hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI, Mugler et al [6,7] reported only occasional lightheadedness, dry mouth and mild throat irritation when subjects inhaled 500 cc of laser polarized 129 Xe. Occasional light-headedness was also observed by Yonas et al [8] in their xenon CT studies.…”

Section: Breathing Protocol For 129 Xe and Safety Issuessupporting

confidence: 65%

Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI: A viable functional lung imaging modality?

Patz

Hersman

Muradian

et al. 2007

European Journal of Radiology

132

133

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The majority of researchers investigating hyperpolarized gas MRI as a candidate functional lung imaging modality have used 3 He as their imaging agent of choice rather than 129 Xe. This preference has been predominantly due to, 3 He providing stronger signals due to higher levels of polarization and higher gyromagnetic ratio, as well as its being easily available to more researchers due to availability of polarizers (USA) or ease of gas transport (Europe). Most researchers agree, however, that hyperpolarized 129 Xe will ultimately emerge as the imaging agent of choice due to its unlimited supply in nature and its falling cost. Our recent polarizer technology delivers vast improvements in hyperpolarized 129 Xe output. Using this polarizer, we have demonstrated the unique property of xenon to measure alveolar surface area noninvasively. In this article, we describe our human protocols and their safety, and our results for the measurement of the partial pressure of pulmonary oxygen (pO 2 ) by observation of 129 Xe signal decay. We note that the measurement of pO 2 by observation of 129 Xe signal decay is more complex than that for 3 He because of an additional signal loss mechanism due to interphase diffusion of 129 Xe from alveolar gas spaces to septal tissue. This results in measurements of an equivalent pO 2 that accounts for both traditional T 1 decay from pO 2 and that from interphase diffusion. We also provide an update on new technological advancements that form the foundation for an improved compact design polarizer as well as improvements that provide another order-of-magnitude scale-up in xenon polarizer output.

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“…This is the largest study supporting the safety of the Xe-CT technique. Our results are consistent with much of the literature indicating that self-limited respiratory pauses and some mild alteration in sensorium 38 are fairly common side effects, without permanent sequelae. 39 It is true that a patient must remain still for an adequate study; however, this series showed a relatively low rate (7%) of studies that were of limited clinical value.…”

Section: Reported Safety Data In the Literaturesupporting

confidence: 92%

Xenon-Enhanced Cerebral Blood Flow at 28% Xenon Provides Uniquely Safe Access to Quantitative, Clinically Useful Cerebral Blood Flow Information: A Multicenter Study

Carlson¹,

Brown²,

Zager³

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Xe-CT measures CBF and can be used to make clinical treatment decisions. Availability has been limited, in part due to safety concerns. Due to improvements in CT technology, the concentration of inhaled xenon gas has been decreased from 32% to 28%. To our knowledge, no data exist regarding the safety profile of this concentration. We sought to better determine the safety profile of this lower concentration through a multicenter evaluation of adverse events reported by all centers currently performing xenon/CT studies in the US.

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Side Effects of Xenon Inhalation

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of stable xenon on regional cerebral blood flow and the electroencephalogram in normal volunteers.

Effect of stable xenon on regional cerebral blood flow and the electroencephalogram in normal volunteers.

Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI: A viable functional lung imaging modality?

Xenon-Enhanced Cerebral Blood Flow at 28% Xenon Provides Uniquely Safe Access to Quantitative, Clinically Useful Cerebral Blood Flow Information: A Multicenter Study

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