Side effects of acetazolamide: The champagne blues

Graber, Mark L.; Kelleher, Stephen P.

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(88)90091-5

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Acetazolamide is a commonly prescribed sulfonamide derivative used in the treatment of glaucoma, mountain sickness, and certain types of epilepsy and is believed to derive its beneficial effects through its inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase, the ubiquitously expressed enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid (Hoddevik 2000). Anecdotal reports of side effects associated with acetazolamide therapy commonly include altered taste effects describing the Bflat^taste of carbonated beverages (Beck 2007;Martínez-Mir et al 1997;McMurdo et al 1990;Graber and Kelleher 1988) which long hinted at a possible role for carbonic anhydrase in the chemesthetic response to carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Chemesthesis: Similarities Between Humans and Rats Observed in In Vivo Experiments

Alimohammadi

Silver

2015

Chem. Percept.

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Introduction Recent advancements in the study of nasal chemesthesis have primarily been achieved through in vitro, cellular, and molecular techniques, with a resultant shift of focus away from in vivo experimental methodology. Psychophysical and electrophysiological data derived from long-standing in vivo methods form our core understanding of trigeminal chemoreception, including the functional characterization of responses to many known trigeminal stimuli, across species. Methods We selected relevant in vivo data from existing studies relating to nasal trigeminal nerve-mediated chemesthesis and performed a series of inter-species comparisons in cases where the methodological and procedural similarities between studies allowed for a productive analysis. Results There was a remarkable similarity between human and rat nasal chemesthesis in terms of comparative sensitivity to select compounds, structure-activity assessments, and mechanisms of action. Conclusions The parallels between rat and human nasal chemesthesis suggest that the rat represents an excellent model for the assessment of human trigeminal chemosensitivity. The similarities presented here are not surprising considering the primitive and adaptive nature of the chemesthetic sense.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Chemesthesis: Similarities Between Humans and Rats Observed in In Vivo Experiments

Alimohammadi

Silver

2015

Chem. Percept.

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“…Without PNGase F treatment (Ϫ), the 42-kDa polypeptides for both salivary (S) and milk (M) CA VI are seen, corresponding to the glycosylated form of CA VI, but after digestion (ϩ), the 36-kDa polypeptides for both samples are seen, indicating that the two glycopolypeptides have polypeptide cores of similar sizes. is also evidence that CA VI activates calmodulin-dependent bovine brain cAMP phosphodiesterase, which is a factor involved in taste function (25), and that CA inhibitors can cause taste distortions in clinical use (26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification of secreted carbonic anhydrase VI as a constitutive glycoprotein of human and rat milk

Karhumaa

Leinonen

Parkkila

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In addition to essential nutrients, human milk contains several classes of bioactive factors such as enzymes, hormones, and growth factors, many of which are implicated in infantile growth and development. Secretory carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme VI (CA VI) has been identified earlier as an essential component of mammalian saliva, and we demonstrate here by using biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques that it is also an elementary component of milk. The 42-kDa glycopolypeptide purified from human milk in CA inhibitor affinity chromatography shared 100% homology with salivary CA VI in the protein sequence analysis (40% coverage), and its digestion with PNGase F resulted in a polypeptide backbone similar in size to salivary CA VI. Quantification of CA VI in milk by using a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay revealed an approximately eight-times-higher concentration in human colostrum than in mature milk, the latter corresponding to the levels previously detected in human saliva. The high concentration in the colostrum, in particular its functional and structural stability in an acidic milieu, and its growth-supporting role in the taste buds suggest that milk CA VI is an essential factor in normal growth and development of the infant alimentary tract.

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“…Although the human olfactory system is insensitive to CO 2 , we do enjoy the taste of carbonated beverages. Mountaineers taking the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide to minimize the symptoms of altitude sickness often complain that the drug ruins the taste of their celebratory drinks upon reaching the summit (Graber and Kelleher, 1988). In more controlled tests, when acetazolamide was applied to half of their tongue, human volunteers consistently reported that the untreated side had a stronger sensation of carbonation (Dessirier et al, 2000).…”

Section: Olfactory Co 2 Detection Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Carbon Dioxide Detection by Insects and Other Animals

Jones

2013

Molecules and Cells

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Carbon dioxide is a small, relatively inert, but highly volatile gas that not only gives beer its bubbles, but that also acts as one of the primary driving forces of anthropogenic climate change. While beer brewers experiment with the effects of CO 2 on flavor and climate scientists are concerned with global changes to ambient CO 2 levels that take place over the course of decades, many animal species are keenly aware of changes in CO 2 concentration that occur much more rapidly and on a much more local scale. Although imperceptible to us, these small changes in CO 2 concentration can indicate imminent danger, signal overcrowding, and point the way to food. Here I review several of these CO 2 -evoked behaviors and compare the systems insects, nematodes, and vertebrates use to detect environmental CO 2 .

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Side effects of acetazolamide: The champagne blues

Cited by 48 publications

References 1 publication

Nasal Chemesthesis: Similarities Between Humans and Rats Observed in In Vivo Experiments

Nasal Chemesthesis: Similarities Between Humans and Rats Observed in In Vivo Experiments

The identification of secreted carbonic anhydrase VI as a constitutive glycoprotein of human and rat milk

Olfactory Carbon Dioxide Detection by Insects and Other Animals

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