The identification of secreted carbonic anhydrase VI as a constitutive glycoprotein of human and rat milk

Karhumaa, Pepe; Leinonen, Jukka; Parkkila, Seppo; Kaunisto, Kari; Tapanainen, Juha S.; Rajaniemi, Hannu

doi:10.1073/pnas.121172598

Cited by 95 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…This enzyme was first described and characterized in saliva, in which it is produced by the serous acinar cells of the parotid and submandibular glands. 1,2 CAVI was shown to be expressed in the lacrimal glands, 3 lowers airways and lungs of rats, 4 in the mouse nasal gland, 5 in the lingual serous glands of von Ebner in humans, 6 in human and rat mammary gland and present in milk, 7 as well as in the lining epithelial cells of large intestine, stomach, and esophagus. 8 The importance of CAVI is evidenced by its involvement in several malfunctions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase 6 gene with salivary buffer capacity, dental plaque pH, and caries index in children aged 7–9 years

et al. 2009

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Carbonic anhydrase VI is a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of carbon hydroxide in saliva and other body fluids. This enzyme has been implicated in taste and gastrointestinal dysfunctions, tooth erosion, and caries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the allele and genotype distribution of three polymorphisms in the coding sequences of (CA6) gene and check for possible associations with salivary buffer capacity, number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in deciduous and permanent teeth (dmft/ DMFT, Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth), plaque index (PI), and the plaque pH variation (DpH) in children aged 7-9 years. Two hundred and forty-five children from both genders, residents in area with fluoridated water (Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil) were divided into two groups: caries free and with caries. The clinical examinations were conducted by a single previously calibrated examiner (k ¼ 0.91) in an outdoor setting using a mirror and a probe, according to WHO criteria index (dmft/DMFT). Approximately 2 h after the first daily meal, the buffer capacity (BC) and the plaque pH were analyzed by means of a pH meter and an ion selective electrode. Plaque pH was measured immediately and 5 min after a mouth rinse with a 10% sucrose solution. The data were submitted to w 2 , Student's, and Mann-Whitney tests (a ¼ 0.05). The PI and DpH of the upper and lower teeth were significantly higher in the carious group than control (Po0.05). There was no difference between the groups in relation to BC. There was no association between the alleles and genotypes distributions for polymorphisms in the CA6 gene exons 2 and 3 and caries experience (P40.05). There was a positive association between buffer capacity and the rs2274327 (C/T) polymorphism. The allele T and genotype TT were significantly less frequent in individuals with the highest buffer capacity (P ¼ 0.023 and 0.045, respectively). This finding encourages future studies relating CA6 gene polymorphisms and their association with malfunctions, such as taste and gastrointestinal alterations, or the differential effect of chemical modulators on the protein products originated from the distinct genotypes of the CA6 gene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase 6 gene with salivary buffer capacity, dental plaque pH, and caries index in children aged 7–9 years

et al. 2009

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“…The hair-growth expression pattern and localization of Crisp1 transcripts to the inner root sheath suggest its possible involvement in cell-cell interactions during hair-follicle cycling. Car6 transcripts have been detected in isolated gland tissues as well as in mammalian saliva and milk, where it may participate in the maintenance of pH homeostasis (30). A CHOP (C͞EBP homologous protein)-dependent, stress-inducible form of Car6, which has been implicated in apoptosis, has been identified (31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of hair cycle-associated genes from time-course gene expression profile data by using replicate variance

Lin

Chudova

Hatfield

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

106

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The hair-growth cycle is an example of a cyclic process that is well characterized morphologically but understood incompletely at the molecular level. As an initial step in discovering regulators in hair-follicle morphogenesis and cycling, we used DNA microarrays to profile mRNA expression in mouse back skin from eight representative time points. We developed a statistical algorithm to identify the set of genes expressed within skin that are associated specifically with the hair-growth cycle. The methodology takes advantage of higher replicate variance during asynchronous hair cycles in comparison with synchronous cycles. More than one-third of genes with detectable skin expression showed hair-cycle-related changes in expression, suggesting that many more genes may be associated with the hair-growth cycle than have been identified in the literature. By using a probabilistic clustering algorithm for replicated measurements, these genes were grouped into 30 timecourse profile clusters, which fall into four major classes. Distinct genetic pathways were characteristic for the different time-course profile clusters, providing insights into the regulation of hairfollicle cycling and suggesting that this approach is useful for identifying hair follicle regulators. In addition to revealing known hair-related genes, we identified genes that were not previously known to be hair cycle-associated and confirmed their temporal and spatial expression patterns during the hair-growth cycle by quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. The same computational approach should be generally useful for identifying genes associated with cyclic processes from complex tissues.H air-follicle morphogenesis starts late in embryogenesis and is completed on postnatal day (PN) Ϸ14 in mice ( Fig. 1 A and B). After this period of growth, which is referred to as anagen, hair-follicle cycling is initiated with a regression phase called catagen, in which the lower two-thirds of the hair follicle undergoes apoptosis (1). Subsequently, the regressed follicle enters a resting phase known as telogen. After this period of quiescence, anagen is initiated with the start of a new hairgrowth cycle (2). Cyclical growth of hair persists throughout postnatal life because of the regenerative capacity of hairfollicular stem cells (3, 4), which are believed to reside in the bulge region (Fig. 1 A) of the hair follicle. In mice, the first two hair-growth cycles occur in synchronized waves moving in an anterior-to-posterior direction. After the second cycle, synchronous hair growth occurs only in small patches (1), creating a mosaic pattern of hair follicles in different phases within the skin (Fig. 1C); overall, hair follicles are unsynchronized after the second cycle.Although a snapshot of gene expression in hair-follicle stem cells has been reported recently (5, 6), time-course profiling of all components of the skin is needed for comprehensive characterization of the complex molecular changes in hair-follicle development and cycling, which involves ...

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“…hCA IV was purified, 84.7-fold with a specific activity of 742 EUmg −1 and overall yield of 17.5%. Similarly, hCA VI was purified, 69.2-fold with a specific activity of 418 EUmg −1 and overall yield of 13.2% [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . We report here a study on the inhibitory effects of methanesulfonate derivatives and some phenolic compounds on the CA esterase activity of isoforms hCA I, II, IV and VI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple methanesulfonates are hydrolyzed by the sulfatase carbonic anhydrase activity

Kazancioglu

Güney

Şentürk

et al. 2011

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

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The identification of secreted carbonic anhydrase VI as a constitutive glycoprotein of human and rat milk

Cited by 95 publications

References 33 publications

Association of polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase 6 gene with salivary buffer capacity, dental plaque pH, and caries index in children aged 7–9 years

Association of polymorphisms in the carbonic anhydrase 6 gene with salivary buffer capacity, dental plaque pH, and caries index in children aged 7–9 years

Identification of hair cycle-associated genes from time-course gene expression profile data by using replicate variance

Simple methanesulfonates are hydrolyzed by the sulfatase carbonic anhydrase activity

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