SIDAM: A Design Space Exploration Framework for Multi-sensor Embedded Systems Powered by Energy Harvesting

Sixdenier, Pierre-Louis; Wildermann, Stefan; Ziegler, Daniel M.; Teich, Jürgen

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15074-6_21

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A central goal of the AMMOD project is to automatically collect all observed data in a central repository (the AMMOD Portal , https://data.ammod.de , accessed on 19 October 2022), which will eventually be accessible to biologists and the general public. For SOCRATES, we ensure this by uploading the captured raw data via the CoAP protocol [ 62 ] to the AMMOD base station [ 1 , 2 ], if available at the current location, or directly to the AMMOD Portal otherwise. The AMMOD base station takes the role of scheduling and prioritizing data transfer from different sensors according to the energy available from energy harvesting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Connectivity: SOCRATES may transmit the recorded data to local AMMOD base stations [ 1 ] via wireless LAN. The AMMOD base stations are able to cache the data and forward them to the web portal of the AMMOD project (see Section 4.5 ) once conditions are favorable (e.g., abundant energy is available via energy harvesting [ 2 ]). If no AMMOD base station is available, data can alternatively be transmitted directly to the AMMOD web portal via a cellular modem.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of a German joint project on automated wildlife monitoring, Automated Multisensor stations for Monitoring of species Diversity (AMMOD) [ 1 , 2 ], we introduce SOCRATES to derive and use depth information (i.e., the distance between the camera trap and the observed scene) as a third dimension in addition to the regular two-dimensional image dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SOCRATES: Introducing Depth in Visual Wildlife Monitoring Using Stereo Vision

Haucke

Kühl²,

Steinhage³

2022

Sensors

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The development and application of modern technology are an essential basis for the efficient monitoring of species in natural habitats to assess the change of ecosystems, species communities and populations, and in order to understand important drivers of change. For estimating wildlife abundance, camera trapping in combination with three-dimensional (3D) measurements of habitats is highly valuable. Additionally, 3D information improves the accuracy of wildlife detection using camera trapping. This study presents a novel approach to 3D camera trapping featuring highly optimized hardware and software. This approach employs stereo vision to infer the 3D information of natural habitats and is designated as StereO CameRA Trap for monitoring of biodivErSity (SOCRATES). A comprehensive evaluation of SOCRATES shows not only a 3.23% improvement in animal detection (bounding box mAP75), but also its superior applicability for estimating animal abundance using camera trap distance sampling. The software and documentation of SOCRATES is openly provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SOCRATES: Introducing Depth in Visual Wildlife Monitoring Using Stereo Vision

Haucke

Kühl²,

Steinhage³

2022

Sensors

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“…If no basestation is available, we use the cellular connection to manually download the captured data. Otherwise, we connect via wireless LAN and the CoAP protocol (Bormann et al, 2012) to the AMMOD Basestation (Wägele et al, 2022;Sixdenier et al, 2022), which in turn uploads the captured data to the AMMOD Portal (c.f. section 3.5).…”

Section: Hardware Design Of Socratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A central goal of the AMMOD project is to automatically collect all observed data in a central repository (the AMMOD Portal, https://data.ammod.de), which will eventually be accessible to biologists and the general public. For SOCRATES, we ensure this by uploading the captured raw data via the CoAP protocol (Bormann et al, 2012) to the AMMOD Basestation (Wägele et al, 2022;Sixdenier et al, 2022), if available at the current location, or directly to the AMMOD Portal otherwise. The AMMOD Basestation takes the role of scheduling and prioritizing data transfer from different sensors according to the energy available from energy harvesting.…”

Section: Ammod Portal Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

SOCRATES: A Stereo Camera Trap for Monitoring of Biodiversity

Haucke¹,

Kühl²,

Steinhage³

2022

Preprint

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The development and application of modern technology is an essential basis for the efficient monitoring of species in natural habitats and landscapes to trace the development of ecosystems, species communities, and populations, and to analyze reasons of changes. For estimating animal abundance using methods such as camera trap distance sampling, spatial information of natural habitats in terms of 3D (three-dimensional) measurements is crucial. Additionally, 3D information improves the accuracy of animal detection using camera trapping. This study presents a novel approach to 3D camera trapping featuring highly optimized hardware and software. This approach employs stereo vision to infer 3D information of natural habitats and is designated as StereO CameRA Trap for monitoring of biodivErSity (SOCRATES). A comprehensive evaluation of SOCRATES shows not only a 3.23% improvement in animal detection (bounding box mAP 75 ) but also its superior applicability for estimating animal abundance using camera trap distance sampling. The software and documentation of SOCRATES is provided at https://github.com/timmh/socrates.

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