Sialic Acid—Modified Nanoparticles—New Approaches in the Glioma Management—Perspective Review

Wielgat, Przemysław; Niemirowicz-Laskowska, Katarzyna; Wilczewska, Agnieszka Z.; Car, Halina

doi:10.3390/ijms22147494

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Sialylation was demonstrated to involve in the stemness maintenance of GSC and tumor progression, suggesting its possibility to be a promising target for the treatment of GBM [39,40]. An α-2,3 sialylation was found to promote the progression, while α-2,6 sialylation suppresses the GBM.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Glycan and Glycosylation as a Target for Treatment of Glioblastoma

Silsirivanit¹

2023

Glioblastoma - Current Evidence

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Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification regulating many cellular processes. In cancer, aberrant glycosylation leads to the expression of tumor-associated glycans that are possibly used as therapeutic targets or biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostic prediction. The cumulative evidence suggested the significance of alteration of glycosylation in glioblastoma (GBM). Aberrant glycosylation presents truncated or uncommon glycans on glycoproteins, glycolipids, and other glycoconjugates. These aberrant glycans consequently promote the tumor development, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The glycosylation changes occurred in either cancer cells or the tumor microenvironment. GBM-associated glycans and their corresponding enzymes are proposed to be a target for GBM treatment. Several tools, such as lectin and inhibitors, are possibly applied to target the tumor-associated glycans and glycosylation for the treatment of GBM. This chapter provides information insight into glycosylation changes and their roles in the development and progression of GBM. The perspectives on targeting glycans and glycosylation for the treatment of GBM are enclosed.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Glycan and Glycosylation as a Target for Treatment of Glioblastoma

Silsirivanit¹

2023

Glioblastoma - Current Evidence

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“…Excessive sialylation of glycan is often associated with cancer progression, and the presence of large amounts of sialoglycans on cell surfaces enables the escape of cells from the primary tumor, resulting in the invasion of the surrounding tissue. 185 Sialic acid communicates with Siglec, which is an I-type lectin often found on immune cells. Nanoparticles decorated with sialic acid are therefore explored as a means to interfere with cancer progression.…”

Section: ■ Glycopolymers: Water-soluble Polymers?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanoparticles decorated with sialic acid are therefore explored as a means to interfere with cancer progression. 185 Nanoparticles are widely coated with single units of sialic acid or a polymeric version of sialic acid, α-2,8-linked sialic acids (Polysia), 186 but true glycopolymers, where sialic acid is attached to the side chain of a synthetic polymer, has barely been explored. This opens opportunities as the synthesis of glycopolymers based on sialic acid has already been described in the literature, 77,187 but it has not yet been linked with cancer treatment.…”

Section: ■ Glycopolymers: Water-soluble Polymers?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sialic acid communicates with Siglec, which is an I-type lectin often found on immune cells. Nanoparticles decorated with sialic acid are therefore explored as a means to interfere with cancer progression . Nanoparticles are widely coated with single units of sialic acid or a polymeric version of sialic acid, α-2,8-linked sialic acids (Polysia), but true glycopolymers, where sialic acid is attached to the side chain of a synthetic polymer, has barely been explored.…”

Section: What Carbohydrates Have Been Used For Therapeutic Drug Deliv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycopolymers for Drug Delivery: Opportunities and Challenges

Stenzel

2022

Macromolecules

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Glycopolymers are synthetic polymers with pendant sugars, which hold promise for a range of biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to sensing. The known specific interaction of glycopolymers with lectins has inspired researchers to use these polymers to deliver drugs to cells that overexpress lectin receptors. As a result, many glycopolymersbased on mannose, galactose, fructose, or other saccharides−have been used for the targeted delivery of drugs, ranging from traditional anticancer drugs to nucleic acid-derived therapeutics. For drug delivery purposes, glycopolymers are typically processed into nanoparticles that form a matrix to entrap the drug safely, such as micelles, polyplexes, polyion complex micelles, or other nanosized carriers. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that drugs can indeed be delivered selectively to specific cells by leveraging the selective recognition of surface bound lectins. The key to the interaction between glycopolymers and lectins is the presence of strong intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding. The formation of strong hydrogen bonds can, however, also be one of the drawbacks of these materials. Glycopolymers tend to self-aggregate, they interact with drugs in unexpected ways, or they bind proteins in a nonspecific manner. Despite these challenges, nanoparticles based on glycopolymers might offer possibilities that cannot be replicated by other watersoluble polymers. They have already shown that they can effectively deliver drugs in vivo, though more preclinical studies are necessary to enable their broader clinical uptake. Further focus could be directed at an improved understanding of the interface between glycopolymers and the biological surrounding as a key to improve the targeting ability of these nanoparticles in vivo. In this Perspective, I will discuss the aspects to consider when preparing drug delivery carrier using glycopolymers. This will include the interaction of the glyconanoparticles with the drug and the resulting property changes, the types of glycopolymers suitable for drug delivery, the effect of the nanoparticle structure on the affinity to cell surface bound lectins or GLUT transporters and the promising in vivo results that show selective delivery.

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“…In vitro treatment of alveolar epithelial cell lines (A549) with plasma exosomes from the hyperinflammatory phase of COVID-19 triggers an upregulation of sialic acid metabolism [81]. Enhanced sialylation on nanoparticles was shown to promote BBB permeation [86] by virtue of the electrostatic interactions between negative charges on sialic acids with N-acetylglucosamines enriched in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) constituting the BBB [87]. Moreover, sialic acid modifications allow prolonged residence of sialylated nanoparticles within the brain, possibly attributed to sialic acid receptors in the brain parenchyma [88].…”

Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%