Neurological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection: lipoproteins and exosomes as Trojan horses

Lam, Sin Man; Huang, Xun; Shui, Guanghou

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.011

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 140 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is suggestive of dysfunctions happening in various cell types of the brain, which are collectively leading to CNS abnormalities. Hijacking the lipoprotein metabolism of susceptible cells of the brain barriers (BBB and BSCFB) suggests hematogenous route of entry [82]. Firstly, transcellular route, i.e., entering via ACE2 receptors of the choroid plexus epithelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes lining the endothelial cells followed by weakening of the tight junctions between the vascular endothelial cells of the BBB (called the paracellular modes) and finally utilizing the lipid vesicles and exosomes as the "Trojan horses" to breach the barrier while escaping the host's immune oversight constitutes the non-neuronal mode of entry of the virus [82].…”

Section: Evidences Of Sars Cov-2 Tropism Beyond Neurons: the Other Si...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotropic SARS-CoV-2: Causalities and Realities

Pardasani¹,

Abraham²

2023

COVID-19 Pandemic, Mental Health and Neuroscience - New Scenarios for Understanding and Treatment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evidences for the dysfunctions of central nervous system (CNS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection have accumulated since the beginning of pandemic. The clinical and experimental evidences on viral entry routes to CNS lead to several open questions. While the neurological impairments caused by the virus stay as a reality under Long COVID, dissecting the causality underlying these problems continues to be an intensely studied topic. Extensive reports of olfactory dysfunctions including anosmia, hyposmia, and parosmia due to infections during 2020–2021, led to the hypothesis of virus’ CNS invasion through the olfactory nerve. Some of the investigations using animal models of cellular factors mediating the viral entry also suggest potential neurotropism. Conversely, recent studies proved the absence of viral particles in olfactory sensory neurons and olfactory bulb, hence leading to the deliberation on viral entry route. Here, we summarize the findings on the debated neurotropic characteristics of the virus, including clinical observations and the results from animal models. Further, we emphasize on the need of tracking olfactory and cognitive fitness in the post-COVID-19 era.

show abstract

Section: Evidences Of Sars Cov-2 Tropism Beyond Neurons: the Other Si...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotropic SARS-CoV-2: Causalities and Realities

Pardasani¹,

Abraham²

2023

COVID-19 Pandemic, Mental Health and Neuroscience - New Scenarios for Understanding and Treatment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 205 The possibility that SARS‐CoV‐2 has gained the ability to use lipoproteins produced by the choroid plexus as Trojan horse lipoviroparticles should be taken seriously. 206 …”

Section: Sars‐cov‐2 Preferentially Targets Non‐neuronal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…205 The possibility that SARS-CoV-2 has gained the ability to use lipoproteins produced by the choroid plexus as Trojan horse lipoviroparticles should be taken seriously. 206 There have been some unusual cases of SARS-CoV-2 being detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients experiencing meningitis and encephalitis. [207][208][209][210] Although organoid models do not exactly phenocopy human disease, the studies discussed in this subsec-…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flaviviruses, such as the Hepatitis C Virus, form structures with lipoproteins called lipoviroparticles that aid in virus spread and entry into host cells 205 . The possibility that SARS‐CoV‐2 has gained the ability to use lipoproteins produced by the choroid plexus as Trojan horse lipoviroparticles should be taken seriously 206 …”

Section: Sars‐cov‐2 Preferentially Targets Non‐neuronal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The nervous system during COVID‐19: Caught in the crossfire

Natale

Lukens

Petri

2022

Immunological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY SARS‐CoV‐2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID)‐19, has become a persistent global health threat. Individuals who are symptomatic for COVID‐19 frequently exhibit respiratory illness, which is often accompanied by neurological symptoms of anosmia and fatigue. Mounting clinical data also indicate that many COVID‐19 patients display long‐term neurological disorders postinfection such as cognitive decline, which emphasizes the need to further elucidate the effects of COVID‐19 on the central nervous system. In this review article, we summarize an emerging body of literature describing the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on central nervous system (CNS) health and highlight important areas of future investigation.

show abstract

“…Inhibition of these pathways also decreases virus replication. Coronaviruses are also involved in the maturation of multivesicular bodies, as they can introduce viral content into EVs [49].…”

Section: Liposomes and Vesicles For Treatment Of Covid-19 In The Cent...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Approximations to Diagnosis and Therapy of COVID-19 in Nervous Systems Using Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first identified at the end of December 2019, causing the disease known as COVID-19, which, due to the high degree of contagion, was declared a global pandemic as of 2020. The end of the isolation was in 2022, thanks to the global multidisciplinary work of the massive vaccination campaigns. Even with the current knowledge about this virus and the COVID-19 disease, there are many questions and challenges regarding diagnosis and therapy in the fight against this virus. One of the big problems is the so-called "long COVID", prolonged symptomatology characterized as a multiorgan disorder manifested as brain fog, fatigue, and shortness of breath, which persist chronically after the disease resolution. Therefore, this review proposes using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a therapeutic or diagnostic option to confront the sequelae of the disease at the central nervous system level. Development: the review of updated knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is generally addressed as well as the current classification of extracellular vesicles and their proposed use in therapy and diagnosis. Through an analysis of examples, extracellular vesicles are highlighted to learn what happens in the central nervous system during and after COVID-19 and as a therapeutic option. Conclusions: even though there are limitations in the knowledge of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, it is possible to observe the potential use of extracellular vesicles in therapy or as a diagnostic method and even the importance of their study for the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease

show abstract

Neurological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection: lipoproteins and exosomes as Trojan horses

Cited by 16 publications

References 140 publications

Neurotropic SARS-CoV-2: Causalities and Realities

Neurotropic SARS-CoV-2: Causalities and Realities

The nervous system during COVID‐19: Caught in the crossfire

Approximations to Diagnosis and Therapy of COVID-19 in Nervous Systems Using Extracellular Vesicles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About