Sialic Acid in Human Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid. Comparison of methods and reference values

Abstract

Sialic acid was estimated simultaneously by three methods: (A) chemical determination based on Warrerfs method (Meth. Enzymol. 6, 463-464 (1963)) with slight modifications, (B) enzymatic measurement with a commercially available test kit, and (C) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to Silver et al. (J. Chromatogr. 224, 381-388(1981)). These methods showed closely correlated (r > 0.930) results and displayed similar precision data. Interference studies demonstrated sufficient specificity for the chemical assay, which was 5 -6 times more sensitive than the enzymatic test and hence chosen for the establishment of reference values.From 249 sera from healthy people between 16 and 63 years the 0.025 -0.975-reference intervals were calculated to be 1.57-2.63 mmol/1 for 127 men, and 1.69-2.64 mmol/1 for 122 women with no significant dependence on age and sex. From 43 cerebrospinal fluids from healthy adults the respective values were 17.3 -50.4 / . These data correspond to those of the literatüre.Some chemical assays employing thiobarbituric acid were compared. They proved reliable in contrast to the reaction of serum with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. Sialinsäure im menschlichen Serum und Liquor cerebrospinalis Methodenvergleich und ReferenzwerteZusammenfassung: Sialinsäure wurde mit drei Methoden vergleichend bestimmt: (A) Chemische Bestimmung nach Warren (Meth. Enzymol. 6, 463-464 (1963)) mit geringen Modifikationen, (B) enzymatische Messung mit einer kommerziellen Testpackung und (C) Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC) nach Silver et al. (J. Chromatogr. 224, 381-388 (1981)). Die Ergebnisse dieser Verfahren waren eng korreliert (r > 0,930) und zeigten ähnliche Werte bei Untersuchung ' der Präzision. Störversuche ergaben eine ausreichende Spezifität für die chemische Bestimmung, die fünf-bis sechsfach empfindlicher als der enzymatische Test war und daher zur Ermittlung der 2,5-97,5%-Bereiche eingesetzt wurde. Bei der Untersuchung von 249 Seren gesunder Erwachsener zwischen 16 und 63 Jahren betrugen sie, ohne signifikante Abhängigkeit vom Alter und Geschlecht, 1,57-2,63 mmol/1 für 127 Männer und 1,69-2,64 mmol/1 für 122 Frauen. Im Liquor cerebrospinalis von 43 gesunden Erwachsenen lagen die entsprechenden Konzentrationen zwischen 17,3 und 50,4 / . Alle Werte entsprechen den Angaben in der Literatur.Wir untersuchten die Eigenschaften einiger Thiobarbitursäure-Verfahren, die im Gegensatz zur Reaktion von Serum mit 4-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyd als zuverlässig anzusehen sind.

Comparison of Sialic Acids Excretion in Spot Urines and 24-Hour-Urines of Children and Adults

“…Possible inelles. Sialic acids are found in small amounts in many body fluids, such as serum, urine, saliva, semen, cerebrospinal fluid or pleural effusion (5)(6)(7). Their amounts and biochemical composition vary in tissues, cells or AC-HN fluids and with maturation or age (8)(9)(10).…”

“…terferences from 2-deoxyribose are reported, but they can be eliminated by considering the substance specific absorption maximum (549 nm) and that of interfering sugars (532 nm). Special calculations of the absorption readings or slight test modifications improve the accuracy of this method (4,7,16). However, the chemical determination of sialic acids based on Warren's method is simple and one of the most useful tests with sufficient specificity and high sensitivity (7).…”

The nutritional role of free sialic acid, a human milk monosaccharide, and its application as a functional food ingredient

“…1,240 ± 229 46 ~ 3-4 % nd , Oriquat et al, 2011, Wang et al, 2001a, Brand-Miller et al, 1994, Carlson, 1985, Heine et al, 1993 Feces (breastfed infant) 930 ± 705 n/a n/a nd (Kohler et al, 2002) Brain (grey matter) 892 ± 168 41 ~ 4-5 % nd (Wang et al, 1998, Wang et al, 2003a, Svennerholm et al, 1994, Ueno et al, 1978, Yu and Ledeen, 1970 Breast milk (transitional) 881 ± 273 27 ~ 3-4 % nd , Oriquat et al, 2011, Wang et al, 2001a, Sabharwal et al, 1991, Heine et al, 1993 Semen 829.0 n/a n/a nd (Warren, 1959) Brain (cerebral myelin) 632.0 n/a n/a nd (Ueno et al, 1978) Serum 609 ± 120 0.6 ~ 0.1 % nd (Hayakawa et al, 1993, Hara et al, 1987, Siskos and Spyridaki, 1999, Schauer, 1982, Haverkamp et al, 1976, Chrostek et al, 2014, Crook, 1993, Hara et al, 1986, Lorentz et al, 1986 Breast milk (mature) 505 ± 251 22 ~ 2-4 % nd , Qiao et al, 2013, Oriquat et al, 2011, Wang et al, 2001a, Thurl et al, 1996, Hayakawa et al, 1993, Lacomba et al, 2011a, Brand-Miller et al, 1994, Carlson, 1985, Wiederschain and Newburg, 2001 Tears 433.0 n/a n/a nd (Kuizenga et al, 1990) Brain (white 396 ± n/a n/a nd (Svennerholm et al, 1994, Ueno et al, …”

Effects of Zinc on Intestinal Injury and Some Serum Parameters in Ethanol-Administered Rats

“…19) Serum sialic acid levels were determined by Lorentz's method, with slight modifications. 20) Intestinal tissues were homogenized in cold 0.9% saline by means of a glass homogenizer to make up a 10% (w/v) homogenate. The homogenates were centrifuged, and the clear supernatants were used in glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein analysis.…”