Shyness and Psychological Adjustment During Adolescence: The Moderating Role of Parenting Style

Tani, Franca; Ponti, Lucia; Smorti, Martina

doi:10.2174/1874350101407010033

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Shy adolescents also reported greater levels of overprotection from both parents than did non-shy adolescents. These results are consistent with the findings of previous studies on parenting style in shyness during childhood [9,41,42], and during adolescence [9,44]. Specifically, researchers have found that parents who have shy children tend to be intrusive and overprotective.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Associations between Shyness and Maternal and Paternal Bonds across Adolescence

Ponti¹,

Tani²

2017

JPCPY

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Shyness has been defined as a tendency to feel anxious and to show inhibited behavior in interpersonal situations [8], for instance, to be afraid or experience discomfort upon meeting people. In particular, certain situations, such as interacting with authority figures, members of the opposite sex and strangers, are more likely to elicit shyness. Studies have also consistently found that shy people appear to be at risk for later maladjustment, such as psychological and social difficulties [9,10].In particular, shyness has been considered to be a risk factor for the development of internalizing problems, including low selfesteem [11], excessive self-consciousness [12], fear of negative evaluation, and loneliness [13]. Moreover shy people have been found to be more likely than non-shy people to develop various forms of emotional disorders, such as depression and anxiety [14][15][16].Shyness is also associated with several types of interpersonal difficulties, such as expressing one's own opinions or talking AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between shyness and the parental bond in early (N = 227) and late adolescence (N = 248) through participants' perceptions of their bond with their parents.Method: Shy subjects were compared with their non-shy peers across three dimensions of their perception of parenting behavior: (a) care, (b) encouragement towards autonomy, and (c) overprotection. Participants completed a parental bond measure and a measure of shyness. Results:Results showed that shy adolescents perceived their parents as less warm and supportive, less encouraging of autonomy and independence, and more overprotective than non-shy youth did. No significant differences were found in relation to gender and age. Conclusion:Results indicate that the perceived quality of the parent-adolescent relationship is higher in non-shy than in shy subjects since the latter perceived their parents to be more intrusive and protective than non-shy participants did. These results are consistent with previous findings on the influence of parental behaviour on shy children and extend these results by confirming that adolescents report a similar tendency in their parents' behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, there is evidence that shy adolescents have a lower quality relationship with parents than do non-shy adolescents [9,44].…”

Section: Shyness and Parentingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Shyness and Maternal and Paternal Bonds across Adolescence

Ponti¹,

Tani²

2017

JPCPY

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“…The majority of parental attitude models stress their multidimensionality, which means that the frequency/intensity of behaviours associated with a given attitude determine its developmental, supportive, or detrimental character (Plopa, 2008;Ziemska, 2009). Whereas positive attitudes, such as acceptance or autonomy, are associated with the optimal development of children (Spera, 2005;Raboteg-Saric & Sakic, 2014), negative attitudes are often said to be risk factors for the occurrence of psychiatric disorders among children and youths (Young, Lennie, & Minnis, 2011;Witkowska, 2013;Liberska & Matuszewska, 2014;Tani, Ponti, & Smorti, 2014). Also in this context gender is said to be an important differentiating factor.…”

Section: Child's Age Parental Education and Parental Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Daughter and son: a completely different story”? Gender as a moderator of the relationship between sexism and parental attitudes

Lipowska¹,

Lipowski²,

Pawlicka³

2016

Health Psychology Report

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health psychology report · volume 4(3), 6 original article background During childhood, parents are the first and most important individuals who form the base of the content of gender stereotypes in children. A parent's expectations about the extent a child's behaviour should be line with gender stereotypes also depends on the intensity of a parent's sexism. A parent's sexism may be exhibited in parental attitudes. Hence, in our study we analysed the relationship between parental ambivalent sexism and parental attitudes within dyads of mothers and fathers with a special focus on the role of the gender of both parents and children. participants and procedureTwo hundred and ninety-four couples of parents of fiveyear-olds (153 girls, 141 boys) participated. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) was used to measure levels of sexism, and the Parental Attitudes Scale (SPR) was used to assess parental attitudes. resultsIn terms of the profile of parental attitudes, regardless of the child's sex, mothers and fathers scored highest for inconsequent and demanding attitudes, and lowest for overprotective and autonomy attitudes. The child's sex is also not important for the overall levels of parents' sexism -fathers exhibit higher levels of hostile sexism in comparison to mothers. Only the mothers' education level is important for levels of sexism -women with higher education exhibited the lowest levels of hostile sexism. The child's sex moderates relationships between parents' sexism and parental attitudes. In the case of mothers of sons, the intensity of benevolent sexism is negatively related to overprotective and demanding attitudes. The more educated the mothers of sons, the more demanding they were. For fathers of sons, the inconsequence attitude increases under the influence of both hostile and benevolent sexism. Among fathers of daughters, hostile sexism strengthens the overprotective attitude, while levels of both benevolent and hostile sexism as well as education influence the autonomy attitude. conclusionsThe gender of both the parents and the child moderates the relationship between sexism and parental attitudes. The role of sexism in shaping the attitude of mothers towards sons is the most prominent -it seems that it guards the 'manliness' of young boys.

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“…In families that raise shy children parents may be overprotective, restrict their children's independence and interfere in their lives, while at the same time children experience a sense of distance and lack of interpersonal warmth (cf. Van Zalk & Kerr, 2011;Tani, Porti, & Smorti, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shyness, self-presentation, adonization, and influence tactics in close relationships

Mandal¹,

Wierzchoń²

2019

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

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Empirical research reveals the difficulties that shy people must face as part of their social functioning and attaches a pejorative connotation to shyness in the process of establishing and maintaining interpersonal relations. The purpose of the study was to investigate certain aspects of social functioning of shy people: the preferred self-presentation styles, readiness to adopt adonization and influence tactics in intimate relationships. participants and procedure The study was performed on a group of 234 participants (113 females and 121 males), aged 18 to 35 years (M = 24.29). The following questionnaires were used: the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, the Self-Presentation Questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Measuring the Attitude toward Adonization, and the Influence in Close Relationships between Women and Men Questionnaire. results The study found that shy people use self-promotion less frequently than non-shy persons and they tend to adopt self-depreciation more often compared to non-shy individuals. Further, a high level of shyness implies a less pronounced tendency to use adonization but a greater readiness to employ hard social influence tactics in close relationships: Threats and violence, Silent treatment and sulking and Complaining and arguing. conclusions Correlations between shyness, self-presentation styles, adonization and influence tactics in close relationships emphasize the role of this disposition in generating social behaviors. Shyness has a negative impact on an individual's social functioning and relations with other people. The negative consequences of shyness are particularly conspicuous in the behavior of men.

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Shyness and Psychological Adjustment During Adolescence: The Moderating Role of Parenting Style

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Associations between Shyness and Maternal and Paternal Bonds across Adolescence

Associations between Shyness and Maternal and Paternal Bonds across Adolescence

"Daughter and son: a completely different story”? Gender as a moderator of the relationship between sexism and parental attitudes

Shyness, self-presentation, adonization, and influence tactics in close relationships

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