Shrink-resistance and wetting properties of keratin fibres treated by glow discharge

Effect of low‐temperature plasma and chitosan treatment on wool dyeing with Acid Red 27

“…This effect is not significantly altered by the subsequent application of CHT, the result being different from our previously published results, mainly because of the aging effect. 21 Anyhow, the CHT application stabilizes the surface characteristics, and the effect remains stable with time. 21 Figure 2 shows the F/L wetting hysteresis cycles for untreated and CHT-, LTP-, and LTPϩCHT-treated human hair fibers versus water as the wetting liquid, and Table II shows the corresponding values of the contact angle calculated from the dynamic mean wetting force values obtained in the Adv mode.…”

“…These treatment conditions were selected as optimal on the basis of a previous investigation. 21 CHT solutions (1 g/L) were freshly prepared by the dissolution of CHT in distilled water containing acetic acid. The treatments were done by the exhaustion method: a wool knitted fabric (untreated or LTP-treated) sample was immersed in the treatment solution at a liquor/wool ratio of 20 : 1 and was subjected to shaking in a thermostatically controlled laboratory shaker at 25°C for 20 min; after the treatment, the wool samples were run through squeeze rolls to remove the excess solution with an HVF laboratory padder (Mathis, Zü rich, Switzerland) at a padding speed of 3 m/min and a squeeze roll pressure of 3 bar.…”

“…It includes creating polar groups by oxidation and removing the surface lipids. 21 On the contrary, the treatment with CHT provokes some yellowing, which is more pronounced when the sample has previously been treated with LTP. The yellowing is due to the natural color of CHT, and it is obvious that better polymer deposition occurs on LTP-treated wool.…”

“…The receding F/L values are very dependent on the scale direction of the fibers, as previously mentioned by Kamath et al 28 This could mean that there has been some CHT deposition on the fiber surface, even though the value of ADV does not confirm it. The wetting hysteresis cycles for LTP-treated fibers show that F/L decreases a lot in comparison with that of the untreated fiber, and this has been attributed to the formation of hydrophilic groups in the hydrocarbon chains of the lipid layer and/or its elimination, which makes the fiber surface more hydrophilic 6,21 [ Fig. 2(b)].…”

“…To achieve this, one of today's established methods is the LTP treatment of wool. 8,21,22 The results of LTP and CHT treatments on wool dyeability still have to be examined in detail. 23,24 Therefore, in this study, wool knitted fabrics were treated with LTP, CHT, or both; they were characterized, and their dyeing behavior was assessed from the diffusion mechanism point of view.…”