Shrimp rearing: stocking density, growth, impact on sediment, waste output and their relationships studied through the nitrogen budget in rearing ponds

Martin, Jean-Louis; Veran, Yves; Guélorget, O.; Pham, Dominique

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(98)00182-3

Cited by 117 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Animais cultivados em sistemas de cultivo em biofloco frequentemente apresentam elevados índices de sobrevivência (Arnold et al, 2009 como Litopenaeus stylirostris (Martin et al, 1998), Litopenaues setiferus (Williams et al, 1996), Fenneropenaeus indicus (Emmerson & Andrews, 1981), Penaeus japonicus (Coman et al, 2004) e Penaeus monodon (Ray & Chien, 1992). Houve relação negativa entre aumento da densidade e o crescimento dos camarões, o que corrobora os resultados de diversos autores (Moss & Moss, 2004;Arnold et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Densidade de estocagem na engorda de camarão-branco cultivado em sistema de biofloco

Fróes

Fóes

Krummenauer

et al. 2013

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a densidade de estocagem ideal para o cultivo de camarão-branco, em sistema de biofloco sem renovação de água. Foram realizados dois experimentos inteiramente casualizados, com três repetições para cada tratamento. No primeiro, juvenis de camarão-branco, com peso médio inicial de 1,23±0,09 g, foram cultivados a densidades de estocagem de 833, 1.250, 1.667, 2.083 e 2.500 camarões por m³. No segundo experimento, o peso médio inicial foi de 6,32±0,7 g, e as densidades foram de 566, 833, 1.111, 1.388 e 1.667 camarões por m³. Os melhores resultados de produtividade, com médias de 9,92 e 10,77 kg m-3, foram obtidos com 1.667 e 1.111 camarões por m³, respectivamente, no primeiro e segundo experimentos. O aumento da densidade de estocagem afeta o crescimento e a sobrevivência do camarão-branco em sistema de biofloco.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Densidade de estocagem na engorda de camarão-branco cultivado em sistema de biofloco

Fróes

Fóes

Krummenauer

et al. 2013

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…Some sediments may be extremely efficient at removing an increased nitrogen (N) load by denitrification, rather than returning it to the water column in forms available for algal growth (Seitzinger 1988, Berelson et al 1998 Intensive shrimp aquaculture ponds are examples of hypereutrophic systems with high inputs of nutrients, particularly N, as formulated feed. Much of this feed is not retained by the cultured species but enters the pond system as particulate and dissolved nutrients (Briggs & Funge-Smith 1994, Martin et al 1998, Preston et al 2000. In order to maintain adequate water quality hypereutrophic water containing nutrients derived from feed is released into coastal waterways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High ammonium production from sediments in hypereutrophic shrimp ponds

Burford¹,

Longmore²

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Intensive shrimp ponds are hypereutrophic ecosystems with high nutrient loading rates. The contribution of sediment nutrient fluxes to nutrient cycling in shrimp ponds was studied. Benthic processes were quantified using benthic chambers (clear and dark) on the sediment of intensive shrimp ponds at 3 farms. The ponds contained 2 distinct sediment zones: an outer zone of sand and rubble swept clean by the action of paddlewheels and other aerators (65 to 85% of the pond area), and an inner zone where settled particulate matter formed a sludge pile. The high nutrient loads, in the form of formulated feed, coupled with high sediment deposition resulted in an anoxic sediment in the pond center with a low respiratory quotient (oxygen:carbon dioxide ratio). The carbon dioxide effluxes were 2-to 4-fold higher than oxygen consumption. The highest nutrient flux rates from the sediment were those of ammonium (NH 4 + ), particularly in the inner sludge zone (up to 182 mmol m -2 d -1). Inferred denitrification efficiency was low (< 2%), particularly in the inner sludge zone. Denitrification rates, as measured by the acetylene block method, confirmed this. Denitrification may be limited by nitrate (NO 3 -) availability. It is unclear why NO 3 -concentrations were low, but nitrifiers either may have been inhibited by pond conditions or were unable to become established due to the routine water discharges to maintain adequate water quality. Fluxes of urea and PO 4 3 -were also low. This study shows that low rates of nitrogen loss from denitrification, relative to the high nitrogen inputs, results in high NH 4 + concentrations in the water column. The discharges of pond water mean that sediment processes in shrimp ponds ultimately affect the nitrogen loads discharged into the aquatic environment, exacerbating the potential for eutrophication caused by shrimp farming activities.

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“…To meet the growing demand on shrimp, the industry is shifting from extensive rearing systems to more intensive rearing systems [2]. Increasing stocking density of fish or shrimp in ponds usually increases the deterioration of pond sediment [3], increases the susceptibility of shrimps to disease [4], decreases growth of shrimp [3], increases pressure on natural food resources [5], reduces food conversion efficiency [6], and rises the total food costs [7]. In aquaculture, the cost of the supplementary diets is predominantly due to the cost of protein component in general and fish meal in particular [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2015

JAMB

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Shrimp rearing: stocking density, growth, impact on sediment, waste output and their relationships studied through the nitrogen budget in rearing ponds

Cited by 117 publications

References 27 publications

Densidade de estocagem na engorda de camarão-branco cultivado em sistema de biofloco

Densidade de estocagem na engorda de camarão-branco cultivado em sistema de biofloco

High ammonium production from sediments in hypereutrophic shrimp ponds

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