Shoulder and Elbow Fractures in Athletes

Burnier, Marion; Barlow, Jonathan D.; Sánchez-Sotelo, Joaquín

doi:10.1007/s12178-019-09530-0

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Before returning to sports, the child should have a full range of motion, normal shoulder strength, bony healing and no tenderness on palpation [ 43 , 55 ]. Operative treatment could allow athletes to return to sports faster than a conservative treatment, especially for significantly displaced or shortened fractures [ 56 , 57 , 58 ]. On the contrary, in some cases, the hardware (i.e., plate, screws, pin) is removed before returning to sports, which can cause a delay [ 43 ].…”

Section: Treatment and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Clavicle Fractures and Congenital Pseudarthrosis Unraveled

et al. 2022

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Clavicle fractures are commonly seen in the pediatric and adolescent populations. In contrast, congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is rare. Although both conditions may present with similar signs and symptoms, especially in the very young, clear differences exist. Clavicle fractures are often caused by trauma and are tender on palpation, while pseudarthrosis often presents with a painless protuberance on the clavicle, which becomes more prominent as the child grows. Its presence may only become apparent after trauma, as it is usually asymptomatic. The diagnosis is confirmed on plain radiography, which shows typical features to distinguish both entities. Both clavicle fractures and congenital pseudarthrosis are generally treated conservatively with a high success rate. Operative treatment for a fracture can be indicated in the case of an open fracture, severely displaced fracture, floating shoulder, neurovascular complications or polytrauma. Congenital pseudarthrosis requires operative treatment if the patient experiences progressive pain, functional limitation and late-onset thoracic outlet symptoms, but most operations are performed due to esthetic complaints.

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Section: Treatment and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On average, the time to return to sports is similar for operative and non-operative treatment because it depends on individual characteristics such as age, type and severity of the fracture and the nature of their sport [ 43 , 55 , 56 , 58 ].…”

Section: Treatment and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Clavicle Fractures and Congenital Pseudarthrosis Unraveled

et al. 2022

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“…15,16 Younger athletes in particular are also susceptible to growth plate-related injuries, such as medial epicondylar apophysitis, avulsion fracture, and bone spur formation on the olecranon, with a rare occurrence of olecranon stress fracture. [17][18][19][20][21][22] These injuries are believed to result from repeated microtrauma to the soft tissues caused by the repetitive strain induced by extreme ranges of throwing. 23 Minimizing this accumulated damage is crucial to preventing injury, which can theoretically be accomplished by minimizing the volume of throws in a fatigued state, improving joint kinetics, or increasing the body's ability to handle those loads.…”

Section: Baseball Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Workload-Monitoring Considerations for Baseball Pitchers

Dowling¹,

McNally

Chaudhari

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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Because of the unique demands of a pitch, baseball players have the greatest percentage of injuries resulting in surgery among high school athletes, with a majority of these injuries affecting the shoulder and elbow due to overuse from throwing. These injuries are believed to occur because of repeated microtrauma to soft tissues caused by the repetitive mechanical strain of throwing. Researchers and practitioners have suggested that baseball pitchers' workloads are a significant risk factor for injury in adolescent players, resulting in lost time and slowing of performance development. The purpose of our review was to investigate the current research relative to monitoring workload in baseball throwers and discuss techniques for managing and regulating cumulative stress on the arm, with a focus on preventing injury and optimizing performance in adolescent baseball pitchers.

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“…23 Studies specific to fractures in baseball players have mostly focused on the upper extremity, including elbow stress fractures, shoulder fractures, and hook of hamate fractures. 3,4,13,25 Although these studies are available, to date there has not been a broad epidemiologic overview of all fractures across professional baseball.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fracture Epidemiology in Professional Baseball From 2011 to 2017

Rubenstein

Allahabadi

Curriero

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Fractures are a significant cause of missed time in Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MiLB). MLB and the MLB Players Association recently instituted rule changes to limit collisions at home plate and second base. Purpose: To evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of fractures in professional baseball and to assess the change in acute fracture incidence secondary to traumatic collisions at home plate and second base after the recently instituted rule changes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The MLB Health and Injury Tracking System (HITS) database was used to access injury information on MLB and MiLB players to analyze fracture data from 2011 to 2017. Injuries were included if the primary diagnosis was classified as a fracture in the HITS system in its International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes; injuries were excluded if they were not work related, if they occurred in the offseason, or if they were sustained by a nonplayer. The proportion of fractures occurring due to contact with the ground or another person in the relevant area of the field—home plate or second base—in the years before rule implementation was compared with the years after. Results: A total of 1798 fractures were identified: 342 among MLB players and 1456 among MiLB players. Mean time missed per fracture was 56.6 ± 48.4 days, with significantly less time missed in MLB (46.8 ± 47.7 days) compared with MiLB (59.0 ± 48.3 days) ( P < .0001). A 1-way analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni correction demonstrated that starting pitchers missed significantly more time due to fractures per injury than all other position groups ( P < .0001). Acute fractures due to contact with the ground or with another athlete were significantly decreased after rule implementation at home plate in 2014 (22 [3.0%] vs 14 [1.3%]; P = .015) and at second base in 2016 (90 [7.0%] vs 23 [4.5%]; P = .045). Conclusion: The recently instituted rule changes to reduce collisions between players at home plate and at second base are associated with reductions in the proportion of acute fractures in those areas on the field.

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Shoulder and Elbow Fractures in Athletes

Cited by 10 publications

References 81 publications

Pediatric Clavicle Fractures and Congenital Pseudarthrosis Unraveled

Pediatric Clavicle Fractures and Congenital Pseudarthrosis Unraveled

A Review of Workload-Monitoring Considerations for Baseball Pitchers

Fracture Epidemiology in Professional Baseball From 2011 to 2017

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