Should adolescents be vaccinated against hepatitis A: the Hong Kong experience

Lee, A.; Cheng, Franco Wing Tak; Lau, L.; Lo, Angela Kwok Fung; Fabb, WE

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00339-4

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Overall, the increasing HAV and HEV infections with age reflect cumulative exposure to these viruses in the lifetime. Locally, it has previously been shown that relatively more adolescents who came from mainland China had anti-HAV [Lee et al, 1999]. We also found a significantly higher HAV prevalence in individuals born outside Hong Kong, who most likely had originated from the mainland.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Firstly, there was over-representation of people aged 30-59 years, with formal education and without paid work in the blood-tested population. Secondly, we had not studied some factors which potentially influenced HAV or HEV prevalence, e.g., income, living environment and socio-demographic characteristics of household members [Lee et al, 1999]. Thirdly, prevalence in <18-years-old people was not examined in our study, the information of which could further our understanding of the current and changing epidemiological pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis E infection and their determinants in adult Chinese community in Hong Kong

Wong

Liu

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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Current epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Hong Kong was evaluated in 936 adult Chinese subjects recruited through a telephone interview in 2001. Some 15% of the subjects had IgG antibodies to both HAV and HEV while 665 (71.0%) and 176 (18.8%) had anti-HAV and anti-HEV, respectively. Age was the most significant independent factor. Six hundred thirty-eight (79.8%) and 165 (20.7%) subjects aged > or =30 had anti-HAV and anti-HEV, respectively, as compared with 27 (19.7%) and 11 (8.0%) in people aged <30. The corresponding adjusted Odds ratio (OR) was 14.94 (95% CI: 9.13-24.44; P<0.001) for anti-HAV positivity and 2.99 (95% CI: 1.58-5.67; P=0.001) for anti-HEV positivity. Subjects born outside Hong Kong were more likely to have anti-HAV (adjusted OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 2.21-5.26; P<0.001) but not anti-HEV. Non-labour work people were less likely to have anti-HAV-adjusted OR, 0.40 (95% CI: 0.26-0.62; P<0.001). Age-specific HAV prevalence right shifted in the last 20 years. Anti-HAV positivity was less frequent, across all age groups, in subjects >21-years-old in the present study than another study done in 1987-89 (P<0.001). HAV prevalence only increased slightly in every 10-year age groups of people aged 21-50 when compared with their corresponding 10-year-younger age groups (P=0.11), suggesting an ageing cohort effect with no major infections in the last decade. For HEV, both the overall and age-specific prevalence decreased over the last decade (P<0.001). The increasing proportion of susceptible population to enterically transmitted viral hepatitis has implications to future prevention and control programmes, including vaccination strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis E infection and their determinants in adult Chinese community in Hong Kong

Wong

Liu

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Our study shows a prevalence somewhat higher than that obtained in Hong Kong, where an association was found between the prevalence of anti-HAV and educational level, with children of parents with a lower educational level and unskilled occupations having a higher prevalence [Lee et al, 2000]. We measured the socioeconomic level according to the occupation of the parents, and no significant differences were found between anti-HAV positive and negative children.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Prevalence of hepatitis A antibodies in schoolchildren in Catalonia (Spain) after the introduction of universal hepatitis A immunization

Domı́nguez

Bruguera

Plans

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis A antibodies (anti-HAV) in schoolchildren in Catalonia and to compare it with the rates found in previous studies. Sera from a representative sample of 1,342 children aged between 6 and 15 years, recruited in 2001, were tested for anti-HAV. The results were related to sociodemographic variables and vaccination history. The overall prevalence of anti-HAV was 51.4%. The prevalence was 5.5% in non-vaccinated children, similar to that found in a 1996 study, and 96.6% in vaccinated children. The prevalence of anti-HAV in non-vaccinated children increased significantly with age, reaching 11.6% in the 13-15 years age group. The prevalence of anti-HAV was higher in children born outside Catalonia than in those born in Catalonia (16.1% vs. 5.0%, P = 0.02). The expected continuation in the decline in the prevalence of anti-HAV in non-vaccinated schoolchildren, observed in Catalonia since 1986, was not found in 2001. The rate of anti-HAV in 2001 was slightly higher than in 1996, although the difference was not statistically significant (5.5 and 3.5%, respectively). This could be explained by the increased number of recent immigrant children born outside Catalonia, mainly in countries where hepatitis A is highly endemic.

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“…However the association between family income and prevalence of hepatitis A has disappeared in the multivariate analysis. These findings are supported by studies conducted in countries like Chile, Italy, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Brazil, where the educational level of parents was a protective factor for hepatitis A 20,21,22,23,7,17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Hepatite A: soroprevalência e fatores associados em escolares de São Luís (MA), Brasil

Gomes

Ferreira

Silva

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite A (antiVHA-IgG) em escolares de 7 a 14 anos de escolas públicas e privadas e identificar fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e sanitários associados à prevalência de antiVHA-IgG. MÉTODOS: Estudo soroepidemiológico para detecção de antiVHA-IgG, de abril de 2002 a abril de 2004, em 462 escolares de São Luís, com idades compreendidas entre 7 e 14 anos, do ensino fundamental. Participaram 30 escolas aleatoriamente selecionadas, com probabilidade proporcional ao número de alunos matriculados, sendo 23 públicas e 7 privadas. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário estruturado. Para se identificar variáveis independentemente associadas à prevalência do antiVHA-IgG, foi realizada análise de regressão de Poisson múltipla, sendo estimadas as RPs ajustadas e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Somente permaneceram no modelo final aquelas variáveis associadas com a prevalência da hepatite A com p < 0,10. Foi adotado o nível de significância de 0,05 (α = 0,05). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de antiVHA-IgG foi de 64%, sendo de 71,5% nas escolas públicas e de 36,5% nas privadas. Após análise multivariável, idade de 11 a 14 anos, mais de uma pessoa por dormitório e menos de dois banheiros por domicílio foi associada a maiores prevalências de antiVHA-IgG. Maior escolaridade dos pais esteve associada à menor prevalência de antiVHA-IgG. CONCLUSÕES: A hepatite A é endêmica nos escolares de São Luís, com taxa de prevalência semelhante àquela encontrada em outras regiões do país com condições socioeconômicas e sanitárias similares. Fatores historicamente associados à maior prevalência da hepatite A foram também identificados nesta população.

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Should adolescents be vaccinated against hepatitis A: the Hong Kong experience

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Epidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis E infection and their determinants in adult Chinese community in Hong Kong

Epidemiology of hepatitis A and hepatitis E infection and their determinants in adult Chinese community in Hong Kong

Prevalence of hepatitis A antibodies in schoolchildren in Catalonia (Spain) after the introduction of universal hepatitis A immunization

Hepatite A: soroprevalência e fatores associados em escolares de São Luís (MA), Brasil

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