Hepatite A: soroprevalência e fatores associados em escolares de São Luís (MA), Brasil

Gomes, Márcia Andréa Costa; Ferreira, Adalgisa de Sousa Paiva; Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da; Souza, Eliane Rabelo de

doi:10.1590/s1415-790x2011000400002

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Furthermore, garbage is kept in a closed plastic bag that is seldom opened by waste collectors. In addition, the prevalence of anti-HAV found in this study was in agreement with other high rates reported in low socioeconomic Brazilian groups 4 7 . Thus, despite a shift in the endemicity of HAV infection in Brazil from high to intermediate or low 8 13 , pockets of highly exposed individuals may co-exist within this country.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

High Prevalence of Hepatitis a Antibodies Among Recyclable Waste Pickers, Central Brazil

Soares

Lopes

Freitas

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Dear Editor,In South America, a shift has been observed from high to intermediate endemicity for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in several countries, including Brazil, which has generally been explained by improvements in public health programs and sanitary conditions in most parts of these areas 3,13 . A multicentric population-based study conducted in Brazilian capital cities classified the North, Northeast and Central-West regions as having an intermediate endemicity for HAV infection, while South and Southeast regions as having a low endemicity 8 . Furthermore, seroprevalence rates may vary by age, socio-economic status, urbanization level and access to clean water as sanitation facilities 3 .In Brazil, recyclable waste pickers collect, separate, classify and sell all types of recyclable waste materials. These individuals are autonomous workers who may or may not belong to recyclable cooperatives or associations. In 2002, this job became regulated by the Brazilian Occupational Classification. The number of recyclable waste pickers has increased significantly in urban areas, and it is estimated that there are one million recyclable waste pickers in Brazil 1 . They have a lifestyle that makes this group highly vulnerable to unfavorable socioeconomic and environmental factors. Additionally, their occupation is associated with poor health and high levels of risk of acquiring infectious diseases occupationally 5,9,11,12 . However, the epidemiological status of HAV infection in recyclable waste pickers remains unknown.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

High Prevalence of Hepatitis a Antibodies Among Recyclable Waste Pickers, Central Brazil

Soares

Lopes

Freitas

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…These indicate unfavorable environmental conditions that may be associated with facilitated transmission of the hepatitis A virus. Gomes et al [ 38 ] and Ximenes et al [ 39 ] also showed that lack of piped water supply at home was related to increased seroprevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in children and adolescents in Northeastern and Midwestern Brazil, respectively. Contact with open sewage around the house and lack of toilets or latrines have also been implicated as associated factors in other studies [ 18 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic inequities and hepatitis A virus infection in Western Brazilian Amazonian children: spatial distribution and associated factors

et al. 2015

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BackgroundHepatitis A is still a neglected health problem in the world. The most affected areas are the ones with disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions. In Brazil, seroprevalence studies showed that 64.7 % of the general population has antibodies against HAV (hepatitis A virus), and the Amazon region has the highest seroprevalence in the country.MethodsIn the present study the seroprevalence of total HAV antibodies in children between 1 and 5 years old residing in the urban area of Assis Brasil, Acre was measured and spatial distribution of several socioeconomic inequities was evaluated.ResultsIn the year of 2011, seroprevalence rate was 16.66 %. Factors associated with having a positive serology identified by multivariate analysis were being of indigenous ethnicity [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 3.27, CI 1.45–7.28], usage of water from the public system (aOR = 8.18, CI 1.07–62.53), living in a house not located in a street (aOR = 3.48, CI 1.54–7.87), and child age over 4 years old (aOR = 2.43, CI 1.23–4.79). The distribution of seropositive children was clustered in the eastern part of the city, where several socioeconomic inequities (lack of flushed toilets, lack of piped water inside the household and susceptibility of the household to flooding during rain, low maternal education, having wood or ground floor at home, and not owning a house, lack of piped water at home, and type of drinking water) also clustered.ConclusionsThe findings highlight that sanitation and water treatment still need improvement in the Brazilian Amazon, and that socioeconomic development is warranted in order to decrease this and other infectious diseases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1164-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In the Brazilian Northeast, one of the country's poorest regions, the highest prevalence is found in children under 5 years 6,7 . Other studies conducted in poor areas from wealthier municipalities around the country, such as the city of Santos, São Paulo in 2007 8 and the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná in 2006 9 found similar results to those obtained in the Northeast, with a higher frequency of HAV infection observed in children under 5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend of Acute Hepatitis a in the State of Bahia, Brazil Over a 5-Year Period

Pereira¹,

Almeida²,

Lírio³

et al. 2017

BJMHH

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were included. Percentages of HAV positive cases were presented according to age range for each year of the 5-year study and for each of the nine health districts (RHC) of Bahia. Results: 21,175 samples were analyzed. Proportion of HAV infection was 7.2% (1,535 / 21,175) throughout the study period. The highest proportion was in 2009 (17.4%) and the lowest in 2012 (3.8%), demonstrating a decreasing trend (r = 0.7). The highest infection rates were found in children up to 10 years old. HAV infection was more frequent among males among all age groups. 52.4% (184/351) of the municipalities had acute HAV cases diagnosed. The North and West regions had the highest number of cases. Conclusion: There was a progressive decrease of approximately 70% in the proportion of acute HAV infection in the state of Bahia during a five-year assessment period. However, children up to 10 years old remain at higher risk, therefore the vaccine should be expanded to reach this age range.

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Hepatite A: soroprevalência e fatores associados em escolares de São Luís (MA), Brasil

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

High Prevalence of Hepatitis a Antibodies Among Recyclable Waste Pickers, Central Brazil

High Prevalence of Hepatitis a Antibodies Among Recyclable Waste Pickers, Central Brazil

Socioeconomic inequities and hepatitis A virus infection in Western Brazilian Amazonian children: spatial distribution and associated factors

Trend of Acute Hepatitis a in the State of Bahia, Brazil Over a 5-Year Period

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