Short‐term toxicity studies of <i>Ficus thonningii</i> Blume (Moraceae) leaf extract in rats

Aniagu, Stanley; Nwinyi, Florence C.; Akumka, David D.; Agbani, Ejaife O.; Dzarma, Sunday; Ajoku, G.A.; Izebe, KS; Agala, P.; Adelusola, Kayode A; Ibe, Joseph; Inyang, Uford S.; Gamaniel, K.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01473.x

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The hydro-methanolic extract of F. thonningii stem bark did not show any sign of acute toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg. This suggesting that the stem bark of the plant is relatively nontoxic and the same result has been reported on the leaf extract of F. thonningii in Nigeria and the fruit was reported as edible in Ethiopia [36,53,54]. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of In Vivo Antiulcer Activity of Hydro-Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Stem Bark of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) on Rodent Models

Adane

Atnafie

Kifle

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. The stem bark of Ficus thonningii is used by Ethiopian traditional healers and the community for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Thus, the current study was aimed at evaluating the antiulcer effect of hydro-methanol extract and solvent fractions of F. thonningii. Methods. The stem bark of F. thonningii was collected and shed dried. Then, the stem bark was extracted by 80% hydro-methanol solvents and dried. The part of the dried hydro-methanol extract was further fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, and distilled water. Dose-dependent pylorus ligation, curative indomethacin-induced, and time-dependent ethanol-induced ulcer models were evaluated for the hydro-methanol extract and solvent fractions. Statistical analysis was done by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The analyses were carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. The result was considered significant when p < 0.05 . Results. The extract of F. thonningii showed a significant ( p < 0.001 ) reduction in total acidity at all the tested doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). All the tested doses of the hydro-methanol extract significantly reduced the gastric volume as compared to the vehicle (NC) ( p < 0.01 ). The gastric pH was significantly ( p < 0.05 ) increased by 200 and 400 mg/kg. Similarly, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly ( p < 0.05 ) lowered gastric ulceration as compared to the NC. The hydro-methanol extract and aqueous fractions of F. thonningii at 200 mg/kg showed significant ( p < 0.05 ) reduction in the ulcer index on a repeated dose of the hydro-methanol and solvent fractions. Ulcer healing effect on indomethacin-induced ulcer was not significant ( p > 0.05 ) for all tested doses of the hydro-methanol extract. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that the stem bark of F. thonningii has a potential antiulcer activity that might be due to antisecretory or cytoprotective effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of In Vivo Antiulcer Activity of Hydro-Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Stem Bark of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) on Rodent Models

Adane

Atnafie

Kifle

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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“…Coker et al (2009) reported no histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, spleen, ovary, uteri and lungs of adult female Wistar rats treated with methanolic extracts (200, 400 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) of F. thonningii leaves for 21 days. Oral administration of aqueous extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days in adult Wistar rats resulted in no mortality, no haematological derangements and no clinical signs of toxicity observed within 72 hours after administration (Aniagu et al, 2008). Their histopathological findings however suggested possible testicular, hepatic and lung toxicities (Aniagu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Sub-chronic / Chronic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Oral administration of aqueous extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days in adult Wistar rats resulted in no mortality, no haematological derangements and no clinical signs of toxicity observed within 72 hours after administration (Aniagu et al, 2008). Their histopathological findings however suggested possible testicular, hepatic and lung toxicities (Aniagu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Sub-chronic / Chronic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 95%

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Phytochemistry, pharmacology and ethnomedicinal uses of Ficus thonningii (Blume moraceae): A review

Dangarembizi¹,

Erlwanger²,

Moyo³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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The common wild fig, Ficus thonningii, is extensively used in African ethnomedicine for treating a number of disease conditions which include diarrhoea, urinary tract infections, diabetes mellitus, gonorrhoea, respiratory infections, and mental illnesses. This review aims to present a logical analysis of the nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of F. thonningii in relation to its therapeutic applications. A bibliographic analysis of the uses, phytochemical constituents and phytophamacological properties of Ficus thonningii was carried out using published papers, medicinal plant databases and various ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological books. Ficus thonningii contains various bioactive compounds which include alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and active proteins, all of which contribute to its curative properties. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies revealed that F. thonningii possesses antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeal, antihelmintic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies have shown that Ficus thonningii is non-toxic if administered orally in low doses. Scientific research has validated the ethnomedicinal claims that Ficus thonningii is useful in disease management. However, there is need to continue identifying, isolating and quantifying the active principles and possibly determine the mechanisms underlying its curative properties.

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“…However, Phenols, Tanins, Quinolones and Glycosides were not detected in the methanol leaf extract of this plant in Northeastern Nigeria as shown in Table 1. This is because some of the phytochemicals that are absent in this plant may be found in aqueous [35] not in methanolic medium that was used for the extract in this study and the present of Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids and Tarpenoids phytochemicals in Achyranthes aspera have long been demonstrated by various researchers. [25,26] It is not yet clear which phytochemical mechanism resulted in the observed dose dependent alterations in hematological parameter of Swiss Albino mice, but increase value of lymphocyte after ingestion of the extract is believed to be due to the present of Saponins phytochemicals in this plant because Saponins have been shown to increase cytosolic calcium concentration which results in calcium permeable cation channels [36] and calcium play an important role in lymphocyte kinetics and proliferation [37] therefore, the present of Saponins may through the calcium activation mechanism improve lymphocytes proliferation in the blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Achyranthes Aspera Leaf Extract on Hematological Parameters of Swiss Albino Mice

Etim¹,

Adebayo²,

Ifeanyi³

2019

WJPH

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Background/Objective: Achyranthes aspera is an erect flowering medicinal herb use in folkloric medicine. This study aims to examine the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera on hematological parameters of Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: 70 adult mice of both sexes with mean weight of 22 ± 5g were used for this study. Achyranthes aspera leaves was pulverized to coarse powder from where methanolic extract was obtained. 0.2ml of 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, and 200mg/kg respectively of leaf extract was administered to mice for four days. After administration, 1ml of blood was collected from mice through cardiac puncture into EDTA bottle for full blood count estimation using Abacus-80 hematological analyzer. Results: The administration of 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg doses of the extract resulted in increased lymphocyte count from 29.4±7.35% to 70.4±0.25%, 70.5±0.219% and 81.3±0.282% respectively at P>0.05 while neutrophil value was reduced from 55.2±11.05 x 10 9 /l to 14.0±0.216x 10 9 /l, 11.2±0.109x10 9 /l and 12.3±0.148 x10 9 /l. The administration of 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg doses of the extract increases platelet count from 99.0±0.52x10 3 /ul to 529±0.01x 10 3 /ul, 332±0.523x10 3 /ul and 135±0.543x10 3 /ul respectively. Conclusion: Ingestion of methanolic leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera resulted in a dose dependent changes in hematological parameter of albino mice including significant increase in lymphocyte and platelet counts. This plant's leaf extract may therefore have the potentials of being effective in the treatment of diseases cause by thrombocytopenia and lymphocytopenia in mammals. It is believed that information provided in this study can enhance appropriate usage of Achyranthes aspera in folkloric medicine in Nigeria.

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Short‐term toxicity studies of Ficus thonningii Blume (Moraceae) leaf extract in rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of In Vivo Antiulcer Activity of Hydro-Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Stem Bark of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) on Rodent Models

Evaluation of In Vivo Antiulcer Activity of Hydro-Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Stem Bark of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) on Rodent Models

Phytochemistry, pharmacology and ethnomedicinal uses of Ficus thonningii (Blume moraceae): A review

Effect of Achyranthes Aspera Leaf Extract on Hematological Parameters of Swiss Albino Mice

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