Short-Term Overfeeding with Dairy Cream Does Not Modify Gut Permeability, the Fecal Microbiota, or Glucose Metabolism in Young Healthy Men

B, Ott; Skurk, Thomas; Lagkouvardos, Ilias; Fischer, Sandra E.; Büttner, Janine; Lichtenegger, Martina; Clavel, Thomas; Lechner, Andreas; Rychlik, Michael; Haller, Dirk; Hauner, Hans

doi:10.1093/jn/nxx020

Cited by 17 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The lack of community-level effects corroborates the few previous studies that have addressed effects of the type and quantity of dietary fat on the human microbiota in healthy subjects or general population. A 7-day overfeeding intervention with whipping cream (45E% of fat, mainly SAT) among 25 lean young German men did not yield consistent changes in the gut microbiota profiles [8]; similarly to a longer-term (18 weeks) moderate alteration in the intake of SAT (13e14 E% vs. 7e8 E%) in a multiethnic cohort with wide age and body mass index range [43]. Finally, no effects on beta diversity were observed after 8 weeks of omega-3 PUFA supplements in 22 healthy British volunteers [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In addition, there is substantial heterogeneity in the methods used for clinical phenotyping and analysis of microbiota. Dietary intervention studies targeting the gut microbiota in humans in relation to NAFLD or other metabolic diseases have focused on either healthy, lean subjects [8] or obese subjects undergoing weight-loss programs [9e11]. No studies have examined effects of a hypercaloric intervention on gut microbiota in NAFLD in obese and overweight individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of short-term overfeeding of saturated or unsaturated fat or sugars on the gut microbiota in relation to liver fat in obese and overweight adults

et al. 2021

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Backgrounds & aims: Intestinal microbiota may be causally involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to study the effect of short-term overfeeding on human gut microbiota in relation to baseline and overfeeding-induced liver steatosis. We also asked whether the baseline microbiota composition is associated to the overfeeding-induced increase in liver fat. Methods: In a randomized trial, 38 overweight and obese subjects were assigned to consume an excess of 1000 kcal/day of diets rich in either saturated fat, unsaturated fat, or simple sugars for 3 weeks. Fasting blood samples and 1 H-MR spectroscopy were used for extensive clinical phenotyping as previously reported (PMID: 29844096). Fecal samples were collected for the analysis of the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, imputed metagenomics and qPCR. Microbiota results were correlated with dietary intakes and clinical measurements before and during overfeeding. Results: The overall community structure of the microbiota remained highly stable and personalized during overfeeding based on between-sample BrayeCurtis dissimilarity, but the relative abundances of individual taxa were altered in a diet-specific manner: overfeeding saturated fat increased Proteobacteria, while unsaturated fat increased butyrate producers. Sugar overfeeding increased Lactococcus and Escherichia coli. Imputed functions of the gut microbiota were not affected by overfeeding. Several taxa affected by overfeeding significantly correlated with the changes in host metabolic markers. The baseline levels of proteobacterial family Desulfovibrionaceae, and especially genus Bilophila, were significantly associated to overfeeding-induced liver fat increase independently of the diet arm. In general, limited overlap was observed between the overfeeding-induced microbiota changes and the liver fat-associated microbiota features at baseline. Conclusions: Our work indicates that the human gut microbiota is resilient to short-term overfeeding on community level, but specific taxa are altered on diet composition-dependent manner. Generalizable microbiota signatures directly associated with liver steatosis could not be identified. Instead, the carriage of Bilophila was identified as a potential novel risk factor for diet-induced liver steatosis in humans. Clinical trial registry number: NCT02133144 listed on NIH website: ClinicalTrials.gov.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of short-term overfeeding of saturated or unsaturated fat or sugars on the gut microbiota in relation to liver fat in obese and overweight adults

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, the modulation of some beneficial bacteria groups and not others might suggest the existence of cross-feeding mechanisms and confirm the influence of the initial gut microbiota composition before intervention in modulating the response to diet. In addition, the intake of a highly amount of dairy cream (source of LCFA) over 7 days did not affect bacterial diversity but did reduce Bacteroidetes and increased β-Proteobacteria levels [ 90 ]. As mentioned above, both the quantity and the quality of fat are relevant.…”

Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and Lifestyle: A Special Focus on Diet

et al. 2020

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It is widely known that a good balance and healthy function for bacteria groups in the colon are necessary to maintain homeostasis and preserve health. However, the lack of consensus on what defines a healthy gut microbiota and the multitude of factors that influence human gut microbiota composition complicate the development of appropriate dietary recommendations for our gut microbiota. Furthermore, the varied response to the intake of probiotics and prebiotics observed in healthy adults suggests the existence of potential inter- and intra-individual factors, which might account for gut microbiota changes to a greater extent than diet. The changing dietary habits worldwide involving consumption of processed foods containing artificial ingredients, such as sweeteners; the coincident rise in emotional disorders; and the worsening of other lifestyle habits, such as smoking habits, drug consumption, and sleep, can together contribute to gut dysbiosis and health impairment, as well as the development of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the current literature on the effects of specific dietary ingredients (probiotics, prebiotics, alcohol, refined sugars and sweeteners, fats) in the gut microbiota of healthy adults and the potential inter- and intra-individual factors involved, as well as the influence of other potential lifestyle factors that are dramatically increasing nowadays.

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“…There was no mention of an effect on Proteobacteria . In contrast, a small study consisting of healthy men fed a high-saturated-fat diet for 7 days reported an increase in Betaproteobacteria in a subset of individuals ( 19 ). Consumption of a high-fat diet (mixed fatty acids) by mice changes the fecal microbiome to raise the Firmicutes -to- Bacteroidetes ratio ( 39 ), while a diet high in saturated fats is associated with an increase in Proteobacteria ( 23 – 25 ).…”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The most abundant members of the bacterial communities in human feces belong to the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes (18). Under conditions of high dietary saturated fat, a second taxon of Gram-negative organisms, Proteobacteria, is detected in human feces in some individuals (19), while in other studies they were not (20). This may be related to the amount of fat or the vulnerability of the individual exposed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Can Dietary Fatty Acids Affect the COVID-19 Infection Outcome in Vulnerable Populations?

Onishi

Häggblom

Shapses

2020

mBio

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There is high mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases, like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. A cytokine storm in some patients after infection contributes to this mortality. In addition to lungs, the intestine is targeted during COVID-19 infection. The intestinal membrane serves as a barrier to prevent leakage of microorganisms and their products into the bloodstream; however, dietary fats can affect the gut microbiome and may increase intestinal permeability. In obese or diabetic individuals, there is an increase in the abundance of either Gram-negative bacteria in the gut or their product, endotoxin, in systemic circulation. We speculate that when the COVID-19 infection localizes in the intestine and when the permeability properties of the intestinal membrane are compromised, an inflammatory response is generated when proinflammatory endotoxin, produced by resident Gram-negative bacteria, leaks into the systemic circulation. This review discusses conditions contributing to inflammation that are triggered by microbially derived factors from the gut.

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Short-Term Overfeeding with Dairy Cream Does Not Modify Gut Permeability, the Fecal Microbiota, or Glucose Metabolism in Young Healthy Men

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Impact of short-term overfeeding of saturated or unsaturated fat or sugars on the gut microbiota in relation to liver fat in obese and overweight adults

Impact of short-term overfeeding of saturated or unsaturated fat or sugars on the gut microbiota in relation to liver fat in obese and overweight adults

Microbiota and Lifestyle: A Special Focus on Diet

Can Dietary Fatty Acids Affect the COVID-19 Infection Outcome in Vulnerable Populations?

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