Short-term oral exposure to aluminium decreases glutathione intestinal levels and changes enzyme activities involved in its metabolism

Orihuela, Daniel; Meichtry, Verónica; Pregi, Nicolás; Pizarro, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.06.029

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The decrease in both enzyme activities could be the result of reduced synthesis of these enzymes due to higher intracellular concentrations of aluminum or accumulation of free radicals [60] . Also Orihuela et al [66] reported that, at high doses, aluminum is capable of inducing free radicals and decreasing the levels of GSH. Aluminum might also affect GSH synthesis by decreasing glutathione-synthase activity, which would result in reduced GSH levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camel's Milk Protects against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Toxicity in the Liver and Kidney of White Albino Rats

Al‐Hashem¹

2009

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Problem statement: Aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) is commonly used in daily life but it can be potentially toxic. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of camel's milk against aluminum-induced biochemical alterations and oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of white albino rats. Approach: White albino male rats (230-250 g) were divided into three groups of 10 rats: a control group treated with normal saline, the AlCl 3 -treated group and the camel's milk-AlCl 3 -treated group. The AlCl 3 treated group received 0.5 mg kg −1 of AlCl 3 orally. The camel's milk-AlCl 3 -treated group was fed 1 mL of fresh camel's milk 10 minutes prior to the administration of oral AlCl 3 . All rats were treated every day for 30 days. Liver and kidney biochemical serum parameters were analyzed. Lipid peroxidation, as determined by the tissue concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (HP), and the oxidative stress status, as measured by glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, were evaluated in the kidney and liver of treated rats. Results: Data showed that the oral administration of AlCl 3 resulted in statistically significant increases in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholesterol and triglycerides; the total amount of protein and albumin were also significantly decreased. However, these parameters were within normal levels in the rats given camel's milk prior to AlCl 3 . Additionally, oral administration of AlCl 3 induced lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidney, which was indicated by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation biomarkers (TBARS and HP) and a significant decrease in the activities of GSH, SOD and CAT. In all rats treated with camel's milk before being given AlCl 3 , lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress parameters were within normal levels. Conclusion: Treatment with camel's milk prior to AlCl 3 exposure alleviates AlCl 3 -associated hazards and protects the kidney and liver from AlCl 3 toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camel's Milk Protects against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Toxicity in the Liver and Kidney of White Albino Rats

Al‐Hashem¹

2009

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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“…Oxidate stress was indicated by a significant increase in the concentration of the oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio. Additionally, aluminum might affect GSH synthesis by decreasing the activity of glutathione-synthase, a non-limiting step of the reaction, which would result in reduced GSH content [54] . Decreased SOD activity is in agreement with several studies in which the authors reported that aluminum inhibited SOD activity in experimental animals [37,55,56] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camel’s Milk Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Chronic Aluminum Chloride Exposure in Rat’s Testes

Al‐Hashem¹

2009

American J. of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement: The present study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of Camel's milk in alleviating aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 )-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rat testes. Approach: White albino male rats (230-250 g) were divided into three groups of 10 rats: A control group, treated with normal saline and two experimental groups, the AlCl 3 treated group and the Camel's milk-AlCl 3 treated group. The first experimental group, the AlCl 3 treated group, received 0.5 mg kg −1 of AlCl 3 orally. The second experimental group was fed 1 mL of fresh Camel's milk 10 min prior to the administration of oral AlCl 3 . All rats were treated every day for 30 days. Lipid peroxidation, as determined by testicular concentration of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Hydroperoxide (HP) levels and the oxidative stress status, as measured by glutathione (GSH) levels, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activity, were evaluated in the rat testes. Results: Oral administration of AlCl 3 induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rat testes, which was indicated by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation biomarkers (TBARS and HP) and a significant decrease in the GSH content and SOD and CAT activities. When rats received Camel's milk before being given AlCl 3 , lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress parameters were restored to normal levels. In the testes from rats fed Camel's milk TBARS and HP levels were significantly reduced and, conversely, GSH content, SOD and CAT activities were significantly increased compared to rats that received only AlCl 3 . Conclusion: Treatment with Camel's milk prior to AlCl 3 alleviates AlCl 3 -associated hazards and protects testicular tissue from AlCl 3 toxicity.

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“…Meanwhile, the coordination chemistry of disulfide glutathione (GSSG) is of vital importance, because it serves as a model system for the binding of metal ions by larger peptide and protein molecules. More recently, biological findings [35][36][37] have stimulated our efforts in the development of coordination chemistry and the biochemistry of aluminum with GSSG and GSH. The interactions between Al(III) and GSSG were unambiguously detected by multinuclear ( 1 H, 13 C, 27 Al) NMR measurements and pH-potentiometric studies in acidic solutions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Aluminum(III) Complexes with Oxidized Glutathione in Acidic Aqueous Solutions

et al. 2008

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The structural speciation aspects, including the binding sites, species, complexation abilities and effects of the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) with aluminum(III) in aqueous solutions, have been studied by means of many analytical techniques: pH-potentiometry (25˚C, 0.1 M KCl and 37˚C, 0.15 M NaCl medium) was used to characterize the stoichiometry and stability of the species formed in the interactions of the Al(III) ion and the peptide GSSG, while multinuclear ( 1 H, 13 C, 27 Al) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) were applied to characterize the binding sites and species of the metal ion in the complexes. Two-dimensional ( 1 H, 1 H-NOESY) was also employed to reveal the difference in the conformational behavior of the peptide and its complexes. The following results were obtained: (1) Aluminum(III) can coordinate with the important biomolecule GSSG through the following binding sites: glycyl and glutamyl carboxyl groups to form various mononuclear 1:1 (AlLH4, AlLH3, AlLH2, AlLH, AlL, AlLH-1, AlLH-2) and several binuclear 2:1 (Al2LH4, Al2LH2, Al2L) species (where H6L 2+ denotes the totally protonated oxidized glutathione) in acidic aqueous solutions. (2) It indicates that the COO -groups at low level of preorganization in such small peptide are not sufficient to keep the Al(III) ion in solution and to prevent the precipitation of Al(OH)3 in the physiological pH range. (3) It also suggests that the occurrence of an Al-linked complexation, the conformation of the peptide GSSG in aqueous solutions appeared to change a little, relative to the initial structure.

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Short-term oral exposure to aluminium decreases glutathione intestinal levels and changes enzyme activities involved in its metabolism

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Camel's Milk Protects against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Toxicity in the Liver and Kidney of White Albino Rats

Camel's Milk Protects against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Toxicity in the Liver and Kidney of White Albino Rats

Camel’s Milk Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Chronic Aluminum Chloride Exposure in Rat’s Testes

Speciation of Aluminum(III) Complexes with Oxidized Glutathione in Acidic Aqueous Solutions

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