Short-Term Immunogenicity Profiles and Predictors for Suboptimal Immune Responses in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease Immunized with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Boongird, Sarinya; Chuengsaman, Piyatida; Setthaudom, Chavachol; Nongnuch, Arkom; Assanatham, Montira; Phanprasert, Salinnart; Kitpermkiat, Rungthiwa; Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin; Malathum, Kumthorn; Phuphuakrat, Angsana; Davenport, Andrew; Bruminhent, Jackrapong

doi:10.1007/s40121-021-00574-9

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…17 With respect to inactivated vaccines; anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response was detected in more than 80% of dialysis patients, but lower than 20% of kidney recipients after two doses of CoronaVac vaccines. [18][19][20] These results reflect an 8-week time course and lead to debates about antibody response and its protection in RRT patients in the long term. In addition, detailed physical examination and biochemical parameters such as complete urinalysis, hemogram, liver, and kidney function tests were examined before serum collection and before each vaccination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The results of whether antibody titers remained high after the 2‐month period were not reported. 20 To the best of our knowledge, we have not found any study investigating the long‐term antibody response of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in patients undergoing RRT. In the present study, antibody response after two doses of CoronaVac was 97.6% in the healthy group and 86.0% in HD patients consistent with the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…30,31 In one small study; old age, high ferritin level, and low absolute lymphocyte count were independently associated with poor humoral immune responses after two doses of inactivated vaccine in HD patients compared with the healthy control group. 20 Age and serum creatinine elevation in KTRs has been reported as independent factors for vaccine unresponsiveness. 18 We detected a significant negative correlation with age, but not with other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short and mid‐term SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response after inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients

Dheir

Toçoğlu

Toptan

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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The efficacy of the inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccine has not been fully elucidated across the whole spectrum of patients on kidney replacement therapy. We aimed to characterize the long‐term antibody response of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine administered in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. We performed this prospective observational study in 50 HD, 64 KTR, and 41 healthy control groups (HG) given two doses of CoronaVac. We measured anti‐Spike antibodies after 28 days of every vaccine dose, 3rd and 6th months after the first dose, and compared them between cohorts. After two doses, an anti‐spike immunoglobulin G of ≥50 AU/ml was present in HD, KTR, and HG as 44%, 7.2%, and 58.5%, respectively ( p < 0.001). Furthermore, the proportion of antibody titers peaked at 86.5%, 23%, and 97.6% ( p < 0.001) at the 3rd month and decreased significantly at the 6th month in most HD and HG participants, whereas this effect was not observed in KTRs from basal until the 6th month ( p < 0.001). During the follow‐up, the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 disease was higher ( p < 0.003) in KTRs compared to the other groups, but there was no requirement for an intensive care unit and no death was recorded. We found a negative correlation between antibody seroconversion and age ( p < 0.016). The antibody response following inactivated vaccine in dialysis patients is almost comparable to controls for 6 months. In contrast, kidney transplant patients have a poor response. These findings reinforce the need to discuss the vaccination strategy in immunocompromised patients, including the third dose with homologous or heterologous vaccines.

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confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short and mid‐term SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response after inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients

Dheir

Toçoğlu

Toptan

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…However, there are limits to its effectiveness, which include short term humoral response, mutation of the virus, no suitability for all individuals, etc. [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Sometimes the defenses do not work because the host’s immune system simply does not respond adequately or does not respond at all.…”

Section: Introduction: a Brief Insight Into Viruses And Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Effects of Animal Toxins: Is There a Way to Drugs?

Utkin

Siniavin

Kasheverov

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Viruses infect all types of organisms, causing viral diseases, which are very common in humans. Since viruses use the metabolic pathways of their host cells to replicate, they are difficult to eradicate without affecting the cells. The most effective measures against viral infections are vaccinations and antiviral drugs, which selectively inhibit the viral replication cycle. Both methods have disadvantages, which requires the development of new approaches to the treatment of viral diseases. In the study of animal venoms, it was found that, in addition to toxicity, venoms exhibit other types of biological activity, including an antiviral one, the first mention of which dates back to middle of the last century, but detailed studies of their antiviral activity have been conducted over the past 15 years. The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced these studies and several compounds with antiviral activity have been identified in venoms. Some of them are very active and can be considered as the basis for antiviral drugs. This review discusses recent antiviral studies, the found compounds with high antiviral activity, and the possible mechanisms of their action. The prospects for using the animal venom components to create antiviral drugs, and the expected problems and possible solutions are also considered.

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“…Despite the impaired vaccine response in dialysis patients, COVID-19 immunization reduces the COVID-19 incidence and hospitalization rate in this population [ 3 , 4 ]. In comparison with other vaccine platforms, the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine appears to induce weaker humoral immunity (HMI) in immunocompromised persons [ 5 ], including those on dialysis [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Hence, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the members of vulnerable groups receive an additional COVID-19 vaccine dose after their primary vaccination series [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of Humoral and Cellular Immunity after an Extended Primary Series with Heterologous Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Prime-Boost and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in Dialysis Patients (ICON3)

et al. 2022

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The durability of a three-dose extended primary series of COVID-9 vaccine in dialysis patients remains unknown. Here, we assessed dynamic changes in SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after the extended primary series in 29 hemodialyzed (HD), 28 peritoneal dialyzed (PD) patients, and 14 healthy controls. Participants received two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine followed by a dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. At 6 months, median anti-RBD IgG titers (IQR) significantly declined from baseline in the HD (1741 (1136–3083) BAU/mL vs. 373 (188–607) BAU/mL) and PD (1093 (617–1911) BAU/mL vs. 180 (126–320) BAU/mL) groups, as did the mean percent inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (HD: 96% vs. 81%; PD: 95% vs. 73%) (all p < 0.01). Age and post-vaccination serological response intensity were predictors of early humoral seroprotection loss. In contrast, cell-mediated immunity remained unchanged. In conclusion, humoral immunity declined substantially in dialysis patients, while cell-mediated immunity remained stable 6 months after the extended heterologous primary series of two inactivated SARS-CoV-2/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. A booster dose could be considered in dialysis patients 3 months after this unique regimen, particularly in the elderly or those with a modest initial humoral response.

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Short-Term Immunogenicity Profiles and Predictors for Suboptimal Immune Responses in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease Immunized with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Abstract: Introduction: Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at risk of severe coronavirus disease and mortality. Immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated whole-virus vaccine in patients with ESKD has never been explored.

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Short and mid‐term SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response after inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients

Short and mid‐term SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response after inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients

Antiviral Effects of Animal Toxins: Is There a Way to Drugs?

Durability of Humoral and Cellular Immunity after an Extended Primary Series with Heterologous Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Prime-Boost and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in Dialysis Patients (ICON3)

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