Short-term immune response after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac®, Sinovac) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria®, Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccinations in health care workers

Jantarabenjakul, Watsamon; Chantasrisawad, Napaporn; Puthanakit, Thanyawee; Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn; Hirankarn, Nattiya; Ruenjaiman, Vichaya; Paitoonpong, Leilani; Suwanpimolkul, Gompol; Torvorapanit, Pattama; Pradit, Rakchanok; Sophonphan, Jiratchaya; Putcharoen, Opass

doi:10.12932/ap-250721-1197

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…A prospective cohort study was conducted among health care workers (HCWs) aged 18 years or older who received CoronaVac (3–4 weeks apart) as their primary vaccination (2 doses of CoronaVac) at a tertiary care center in Bangkok, Thailand, during March-April 2021 and have results of their immune responses at 4 and 12 weeks after primary vaccination [ 1 ]. At 3 months after primary vaccination, the participants were non-randomized to voluntarily receive their booster dose of either ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CoronaVac (an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, Sinovac Life Science) is widely used as primary vaccination. A waning immunity of the primary vaccination (two doses of CoronaVac) over time is observed after 12 weeks, which indicates that a booster dose is needed [ 1 ]. Moreover, the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) raises concerns about the vaccine’s effectiveness, which depending on the VOC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern after Primary Immunization with CoronaVac and Booster with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 in Health Care Workers

et al. 2022

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Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) is commonly used in national immunization programs. However, the immune response significantly declines within a few months. Our study assessed the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after receiving booster shots of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 among health care workers who previously received CoronaVac as their primary immunization. Fifty-six participants who received ChAdOx1 and forty-two participants who received BNT162b2 were enrolled into this study, which evaluated immune responses, including anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike total antibodies (Elecsys®), surrogated viral neutralization test (sVNT) to ancestral strain (cPass™; GenScript), five variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) (Luminex; multiplex sVNT) and the ELISpot with spike (S1 and S2) peptide pool against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain. The samples were analyzed at baseline, 4, and 12 weeks after primary immunization, as well as 4 and 12 weeks after receiving the booster. This study showed a significant increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike total antibodies, sVNT, and T-cell immune response after the booster, including against the Omicron variant. Immune responses rapidly decreased in the booster group at 12 weeks after booster but were still higher than post-primary vaccination. A fourth dose or a second booster should be recommended, particularly in health care workers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern after Primary Immunization with CoronaVac and Booster with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 in Health Care Workers

et al. 2022

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“…The emerging variants with multiple mutations in the spike protein or RBD are capable of escaping neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity. 6 Secondly, virus neutralizing antibody response, regarded as a proxy for protection from infection in humans with virus, from the two-dose regimen wanes over time, 7 , 8 and the protection provided to the elderly and immunocompromised persons is limited. In October 2021, WHO recommended an additional dose for older adults and immunocompromised persons who have received two-dose CoronaVac to ensure sufficient protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CoronaVac: A review of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2

Jin

Zhang

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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CoronaVac, also known as the Sinovac inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, has been widely implemented in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. We summarized the results of clinical trials and real-world studies of CoronaVac in this review. The overall efficacy for the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19 (before the emergence of variants of concern) using two doses of 3 μg CoronaVac was 67.7% (95% CI, 35.9% to 83.7%). Effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths was more prominent than that in preventing COVID-19. A third dose inherited the effectiveness against non-variants of concern and increased effectiveness against severe COVID-19 outcomes caused by omicron variants compared to two doses. Most adverse reactions were mild. Few vaccine-related serious adverse reactions have been reported. Moreover, three-dose regimen significantly increased the seroconversion levels of neutralizing antibodies against omicron as compared to two-dose regimen. This review of CoronaVac may provide a scientific basis for optimizing global immunization strategies.

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“…In the global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, roughly estimated, at least half of all vaccines used in the world are of the inactivated type [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]; these are the CoronaVac and Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccines, which are widely used in Southeast Asia and the countries of Latin America, and the Covivac vaccine in Russia. However, according to numerous studies, inactivated vaccines, compared to genetically engineered ones based on viral vector or mRNA technologies, showed relatively lower protection rates [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Due to the huge volume of production of inactivated vaccines in the world and their promising role in the eradication of the pandemic, it is necessary to evaluate many different factors that may affect the safety of vaccines, their effectiveness, and the quality of immune protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine

Kordyukova

Moiseenko

Serebryakova

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Inactivated vaccines are promising tools for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied several protocols for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation (by β-propiolactone, formaldehyde, and UV radiation) and examined the morphology of viral spikes, protein composition of the preparations, and their immunoreactivity in ELISA using two panels of sera collected from convalescents and people vaccinated by Sputnik V. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed us to distinguish wider flail-like spikes (supposedly the S-protein’s pre-fusion conformation) from narrower needle-like ones (the post-fusion state). While the flails were present in all preparations studied, the needles were highly abundant in the β-propiolactone-inactivated samples only. Structural proteins S, N, and M of SARS-CoV-2 were detected via mass spectrometry. Formaldehyde and UV-inactivated samples demonstrated the highest affinity/immunoreactivity against the convalescent sera, while β-propiolactone (1:2000, 36 h) and UV-inactivated ones were more active against the sera of people vaccinated with Sputnik V. A higher concentration of β-propiolactone (1:1000, 2 h) led to a loss of antigenic affinity for both serum panels. Thus, although we did not analyze native SARS-CoV-2 for biosafety reasons, our comparative approach helped to exclude some destructive inactivation conditions and select suitable variants for future animal research. We believe that TEM is a valuable tool for inactivated COVID-19 vaccine quality control during the downstream manufacturing process.

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Short-term immune response after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac®, Sinovac) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria®, Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccinations in health care workers

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern after Primary Immunization with CoronaVac and Booster with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 in Health Care Workers

Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern after Primary Immunization with CoronaVac and Booster with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 in Health Care Workers

CoronaVac: A review of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2

Structural and Immunoreactivity Properties of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein upon the Development of an Inactivated Vaccine

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