Short-term high-fat diet alters postprandial glucose metabolism and circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in healthy males

Abstract

Short-term intake of a high-fat diet aggravates postprandial glucose metabolism; however, the dose-response relationship has not been investigated. We hypothesized that short-term intake of a eucaloric low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LCHF) would aggravate postprandial glucose metabolism and circulating adhesion molecules in healthy males. Seven healthy young males (mean ± SE; age: 26 ± 1 years) consumed either a eucaloric control diet (C, approximately 25% fats), a eucaloric intermediate-carbohydrate/intermediate-fat diet (ICIF, approximately 50% fats), or an LCHF (approximately 70% fats) for 3 days. An oral meal tolerance test (MTT) was performed after the 3-day dietary intervention. The concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were determined at rest and during MTT. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of plasma glucose concentration during MTT was significantly higher in LCHF than in C (P = 0.009). The first-phase insulin secretion indexes were significantly lower in LCHF than in C (P = 0.04). Moreover, the iAUC of GLP-1 and VCAM-1 concentrations was significantly higher in LCHF than in C (P = 0.014 and P = 0.04, respectively). The metabolites from ICIF and C were not significantly different. In conclusion, short-term intake of eucaloric diet containing a high percentage of fats in healthy males excessively increased postprandial glucose and VCAM-1 concentrations and attenuated first-phase insulin release.

Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and a Single Bout of Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Lipid Profile and Endothelial Function in Normal Weight Young Healthy Females

“…Previous LCHF studies show conflicting results for FFA suppression during a glucose load. A 72-h LCHF (fat E% 69) showed complete suppression of lipolysis during an OGTT (Numao et al, 2016). Another 69-h LCHF study (fat E% 83) showed a reduced suppression of lipolysis during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) (Johnson et al, 2006) with a similar FFA decrease as in the current study.…”

“…Previous human studies have shown negative effects of lipid infusion on glucose tolerance (Itani et al, 2002;Hoeg et al, 2011;Hoeks et al, 2012). A higher availability of fatty acids in seen in the blood after an intravenous lipid infusion (≈1.3-2.2 mmol/L), compared to blood levels of fatty acids in studies with LCHF diets without infusion (≈ 0.45 mmol/L) (Numao et al, 2016). A high intake of fat without weight-gain induces insulin resistance in rodents (Jornayvaz et al, 2010;Kinzig et al, 2010), whereas a recent human study showed that a 6 week LCHF diet with 64 percentage of energy (E%) fat, did not decrease insulin sensitivity in slightly overweight males (Lundsgaard et al, 2019).…”

Effects of Timing of Acute and Consecutive Catechin Ingestion on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Mice and Humans

“…Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to check the normality of distributions for all blood parameters. Based on the distribution of postprandial glucose values in our previous studies, the sample size was calculated to detect a large effect (Cohen's d = 0.98) [31,32]. The calculated sample size of 11 was required to approximately have 80% power to detect large effects at a significance level of 0.05.…”

Effects of Meal Timing on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism and Blood Metabolites in Healthy Adults

“…When significant interaction effects were detected, we used the Bonferroni method for post-hoc comparisons. Based on the distribution of postprandial glucose values in our previous study, the sample size was calculated to be able to detect a large effect (Cohen’s d = 0.98) [ 16 , 37 ]. Power analysis demonstrated that a sample size of 11 would be required to have approximately 80% power to detect a large effect at a significance level of 0.05.…”