Effects of Meal Timing on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism and Blood Metabolites in Healthy Adults

Takahashi, Masaki; Ozaki, Mamiho; Kang, Moon Il; Sasaki, Hiroyuki; Fukazawa, Mayuko; Iwakami, Tamao; Lim, Pei Jean; Kim, Hyeon Ki; Aoyama, Shogo; Shibata, Shigenobu

doi:10.3390/nu10111763

Cited by 62 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…It is known that the metabolic dynamics are different in the morning and the evening, and morning metabolic dynamics are more active than evening metabolic dynamics [51]. Fish oil intake in the morning decreases serum and liver total cholesterol values compared to taking fish oil in the evening in HFD and high-fructose feeding model mice [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dose and Timing of Burdock (Arctium lappa) Root Intake on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice

et al. 2020

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Water-soluble dietary fiber such as inulin improves the beta diversity of the intestinal microbiota of mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). The circadian clock is the system that regulates the internal daily rhythm, and it affects the pattern of beta diversity in mouse intestinal microbiota. Burdock (Arctium lappa) root contains a high concentration of inulin/fructan (approximately 50%) and is a very popular vegetable in Japan. Arctium lappa also contains functional substances that may affect intestinal microbiota, such as polyphenols. We compared the effects of inulin and A. lappa powder on the diversity of the intestinal microbiota of HFD-fed mice. 16S rDNA from the intestinal microbiota obtained from feces was analyzed by 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation. It was found to have a stronger effect on microbiota than inulin alone, suggesting that inulin has an additive and/or synergic action with other molecules in A. lappa root. We examined the effects of intake timing (breakfast or dinner) of A. lappa on intestinal microbiota. The intake of A. lappa root in the evening had a stronger effect on microbiota diversity in comparison to morning intake. Therefore, it is suggested that habitual consumption of A. lappa root in the evening may aid the maintenance of healthy intestinal microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dose and Timing of Burdock (Arctium lappa) Root Intake on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice

et al. 2020

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“…LAT4 shows high activity under dephosphorylated condition, suggesting that post-translational modulation such as phosphorylation could be involved in the time-dependent amino acid absorption. In studies involving human subjects, comparing the postprandial response between morning and evening using metabolomics, revealed that 16 amino acids such as arginine and leucine were detected at higher levels in blood in the morning than in the evening (59). These data suggest that the postprandial amino acids response in humans depends on the feeding time.…”

Section: Amino Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 97%

Time-of-Day-Dependent Physiological Responses to Meal and Exercise

Aoyama

Shibata

2020

Front. Nutr.

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The mammalian circadian clock drives the temporal coordination in cellular homeostasis and it leads the day-night fluctuation of physiological functions, such as sleep/wake cycle, hormonal secretion, and body temperature. The mammalian circadian clock system in the body is classified hierarchically into two classes, the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and the peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues such as the intestine and liver, as well as other brain areas outside the SCN. The circadian rhythm of various tissue-specific functions is mainly controlled by each peripheral clock and partially by the central clock as well. The digestive, absorptive, and metabolic capacities of nutrients also show the day-night variations in several peripheral tissues such as small intestine and liver. It is therefore indicated that the bioavailability or metabolic capacity of nutrients depends on the time of day. In fact, the postprandial response of blood triacylglycerol to a specific diet and glucose tolerance exhibit clear time-of-day effects. Meal frequency and distribution within a day are highly related to metabolic functions, and optimal time-restricted feeding has the potential to prevent several metabolic dysfunctions. In this review, we summarize the time-of-day-dependent postprandial response of macronutrients to each meal and the involvement of circadian clock system in the time-of-day effect. Furthermore, the chronic beneficial and adverse effects of meal time and eating pattern on metabolism and its related diseases are discussed. Finally, we discuss the timing-dependent effects of exercise on the day-night variation of exercise performance and therapeutic potential of time-controlled-exercise for promoting general health.

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“…The energy of the test meal was distributed as follows: 15% from fat, 70% from carbohydrates, and 15% from protein. This percentage of carbohydrate loading could potentially increase postprandial glucose in healthy adults [26,27]. All participants were asked to consume the test meal within 20 min.…”

Section: Test Mealsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Timing of Acute and Consecutive Catechin Ingestion on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Mice and Humans

et al. 2020

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We examined the effects of the timing of acute and consecutive epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and catechin-rich green tea ingestion on postprandial glucose in mice and human adults. In mouse experiments, we compared the effects of EGCG administration early (morning) and late (evening) in the active period on postprandial glucose. In human experiments, participants were randomly assigned to the morning-placebo (MP, n = 10), morning-green tea (MGT, n = 10), evening-placebo (EP, n = 9), and evening-green tea (EGT, n = 9) groups, and consumed either catechin-rich green tea or a placebo beverage for 1 week. At baseline and after 1 week, participants consumed their designated beverages with breakfast (MP and MGT) or supper (EP and EGT). Venous blood samples were collected in the fasted state and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after each meal. Consecutive administration of EGCG in the evening, but not in the morning, reduced postprandial glucose at 30 (p = 0.006) and 60 (p = 0.037) min in the evening trials in mice. In humans, ingestion of catechin-rich green tea in the evening decreased postprandial glucose (three-factor analysis of variance, p < 0.05). Thus, catechin intake in the evening more effectively suppressed elevation of postprandial glucose.

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Effects of Meal Timing on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism and Blood Metabolites in Healthy Adults

Cited by 62 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of Dose and Timing of Burdock (Arctium lappa) Root Intake on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice

Effect of Dose and Timing of Burdock (Arctium lappa) Root Intake on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice

Time-of-Day-Dependent Physiological Responses to Meal and Exercise

Effects of Timing of Acute and Consecutive Catechin Ingestion on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Mice and Humans

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