Short-term exposure with high concentrations of pristine microplastic particles leads to immobilisation of Daphnia magna

Rehse, Saskia; Kloas, Werner; Zarfl, Christiane

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.133

Cited by 393 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…This may be through the attachment or through increased energy usage for depuration. Furthermore, D. magna is able to regulate its filtering activity based on food availability61 and it has been suggested that if particles (or ENP agglomerates) are mistaken for food this can cause an increase in filtering activity 62. Hence, the ingestion of non‐nutritious ENP agglomerates combined with higher energy usage because of increased filtering activity could explain some of the observed effects.…”

Section: Physical Effects Of Enps In Aquatic Toxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Ecotoxicity Testing of Nanoparticles—The Quest To Disclose Nanoparticle Effects

et al. 2016

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The number of products on the market containing engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has increased significantly, and concerns have been raised regarding their ecotoxicological effects. Environmental safety assessments as well as relevant and reliable ecotoxicological data are required for the safe and sustainable use of ENPs. Although the number of publications on the ecotoxicological effects and uptake of ENPs is rapidly expanding, the applicability of the reported data for hazard assessment is questionable. A major knowledge gap is whether nanoparticle effects occur when test organisms are exposed to ENPs in aquatic test systems. Filling this gap is not straightforward, because of the broad range of ENPs and the different behavior of ENPs compared to “ordinary” (dissolved) chemicals in the ecotoxicity test systems. The risk of generating false negatives, and false positives, in the currently used tests is high, and in most cases difficult to assess. This Review outlines some of the pitfalls in the aquatic toxicity testing of ENPs which may lead to misinterpretation of test results. Response types are also proposed to reveal potential nanoparticle effects in the aquatic test organisms.

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Section: Physical Effects Of Enps In Aquatic Toxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Ecotoxicity Testing of Nanoparticles—The Quest To Disclose Nanoparticle Effects

et al. 2016

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“…Acute toxicity testing over 96 h resulted in an elevated immobilization at extremely high concentrations of 1 μm polyethylene (PE) particles [34]. With a median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 75.3 mg L À1 , these acute effects are (presumably) not environmentally relevant.…”

Section: Daphnia Magnamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The few available studies (Table 2) include the filter feeder D. magna [34,35,41], the amphipods Hyalella azteca [18] and G. pulex [31], the freshwater snail P. antipodarum [38] as well as several fishes [37][38][39]. In this section, the outcomes of these studies are discussed.…”

Section: Effects On Freshwater Biotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Microplastics with Freshwater Biota

Scherer

Weber

Lambert

et al. 2017

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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The ubiquitous detection of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems promotes the concern for adverse impacts on freshwater ecosystems. The wide variety of material types, sizes, shapes, and physicochemical properties renders interactions with biota via multiple pathways probable.So far, our knowledge about the uptake and biological effects of microplastics comes from laboratory studies, applying simplified exposure regimes (e.g., one polymer and size, spherical shape, high concentrations) often with limited environmental relevance. However, the available data illustrates species-and materialrelated interactions and highlights that microplastics represent a multifaceted stressor. Particle-related toxicities will be driven by polymer type, size, and shape. Chemical toxicity is driven by the adsorption-desorption kinetics of additives and pollutants. In addition, microbial colonization, the formation of heteroaggregates, and the evolutionary adaptations of the biological receptor further increase the complexity of microplastics as stressors. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to synthesize and critically revisit these aspects based on the state of the science in freshwater research. Where unavailable we supplement this with data on marine biota. This provides an insight into the direction of future research.In this regard, the challenge is to understand the complex interactions of biota and plastic materials and to identify the toxicologically most relevant characteristics of the plethora of microplastics. Importantly, as the direct biological impacts of This chapter has been externally peer reviewed.

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“…Casado et al [91] conducted an acute immobilisation test with 55 and 110 nm polyethyleneimine PS beads and reported EC 50 values of 0.8 mg/l and 0.7 mg/l, respectively. The same test with 1 μm PE beads resulted in an EC 50 value of 57.4 mg/l [83]. This huge difference could be a consequence of the different polymer types and sizes used in the studies, but it might also indicate that mortality is not a very sensitive biological response when it comes to plastic particles.…”

Section: Nano-and Microplastics In Standard Ecotoxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Particles with a high capacity to accumulate in [55], bivalves [56][57][58] and fish [59]; m in polychaetes [60], echinoderms [55], bivalves [56][57][58]61] and fish [62][63][64]; n in fish [59,64,65]; o in crustaceans [66], mussels [67,68] and fish [69]; p in polychaetes [70], crustaceans [71] and bivalves [72]; q in polychaetes [60,73], crustaceans [74,75], bivalves [72,76,77] and fish [62]; r in crustaceans [74,78,79], echinoderms [80], bivalves [58] and fish [81]; s in crustaceans [75,79] and bivalves [72]; t in fish [62,81,82]; u in crustaceans [75,83], bivalves [72] and fish …”

Section: Biological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Ecotoxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Lessons Learned from Engineered Nanomaterials

Rist

Hartmann

2017

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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The widespread occurrence of microplastics in the aquatic environment is well documented through international surveys and scientific studies. Further degradation and fragmentation, resulting in the formation of nanosized plastic particles -nanoplastics -has been highlighted as a potentially important issue. In the environment, both microplastics and nanoplastics may have direct ecotoxicological effects, as well as vector effects through the adsorption of co-contaminants. Plastic additives and monomers may also be released from the polymer matrix and cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Although limited information regarding the ecotoxicological effects of nano-and microplastics is available at present, their small size gives rise to concern with respect to the adverse effects and dislocation of these particles inside organisms -similar to issues often discussed for engineered nanomaterials. In the same way, transport of co-contaminants and leaching of soluble substances are much debated issues with respect to the ecotoxicology of nanomaterials.In this chapter, we draw on existing knowledge from the field of ecotoxicology of engineered nanomaterials to discuss potential ecotoxicological effects of nanoand microplastics. We discuss the similarities and differences between nano-and microplastics and engineered nanomaterials with regard to both potential effects and expected behaviour in aquatic media. One of the key challenges in ecotoxicology of nanomaterials has been the applicability of current test methods, originally intended for soluble chemicals, to the testing of particle suspensions. This often requires test modifications and special attention to physical chemical characterisation and data interpretation. We present an overview of lessons learned from This chapter has been externally peer-reviewed.

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Short-term exposure with high concentrations of pristine microplastic particles leads to immobilisation of Daphnia magna

Cited by 393 publications

References 86 publications

Aquatic Ecotoxicity Testing of Nanoparticles—The Quest To Disclose Nanoparticle Effects

Aquatic Ecotoxicity Testing of Nanoparticles—The Quest To Disclose Nanoparticle Effects

Interactions of Microplastics with Freshwater Biota

Aquatic Ecotoxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Lessons Learned from Engineered Nanomaterials

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