Short-term exposure to the mycotoxins zearalenone or fumonisins affects rumen fermentation and microbiota, and health variables in cattle

Hartinger, Thomas; Grabher, Lena; Pacífico, Cátia; Angelmayr, Barbara; Faas, Johannes; Zebeli, Qendrim

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2022.112900

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Therefore, this mycotoxin should not be of the highest concern regarding productivity in this species. In a recent study, it was shown that dry cows fed an artificially contaminated diet with 22 mg/kg FB presented an increased activity of liver enzymes, indicating hepatoxicity and altered ruminal microbiota [137]. These authors also observed a compensatory mechanism for the affected rumen function by an increase in feed intake and improved fiber breakdown due to an increase in the rumination time.…”

Section: Effects Of Fusarium-toxins On Livestock Production Performancementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Dairy cows fed with a diet contaminated with 8.21 mg/kg of DM of DON and 0.09 mg/kg of ZEA for 4 weeks revealed altered rumen fermentation and reduced protein flow to the duodenum, possibly because of the synergistic toxic effects of ZEN and DON [143]. Dietary exposure to 5.9 mg/kg ZEN altered the ruminal microbiota and decreased rumen pH, but a compensatory increased feed intake was observed in dry cows [137]. When dairy cows were exposed to ZEN at a level below 1 mg/kg, only an altered protein metabolism was observed, but the immune status was not impaired [144].…”

Section: Effects Of Fusarium-toxins On Livestock Production Performancementioning

confidence: 97%

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Adverse Effects of Fusarium Toxins in Ruminants: A Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Gallo

Mosconi

Trevisi

et al. 2022

Dairy

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With an increased knowledge of the mechanism of action of Fusarium mycotoxins, the concept that these substances are deleterious only for monogastric species is obsolete. Indeed, most mycotoxins can be converted into less toxic compounds by the rumen microflora from healthy animals. However, mycotoxin absorption and its conversion to more toxic metabolites, as well as their impact on the immune response and subsequently animal welfare, reproductive function, and milk quality during chronic exposure should not be neglected. Among the Fusarium mycotoxins, the most studied are deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisins from the B class (FBs). It is remarkable that there is a paucity of in vivo research, with a low number of studies on nutrient digestibility and rumen function. Most of the in vitro studies are related to the reproductive function or are restricted to rumen incubation. When evaluating the production performance, milk yield is used as an evaluated parameter, but its quality for cheese production is often overlooked. In the present review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding the adverse effects of these mycotoxins with special attention to dairy cattle.

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Section: Effects Of Fusarium-toxins On Livestock Production Performancementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Effects Of Fusarium-toxins On Livestock Production Performancementioning

confidence: 97%

Adverse Effects of Fusarium Toxins in Ruminants: A Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Gallo

Mosconi

Trevisi

et al. 2022

Dairy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…: 950713, Fisons, Rodano, Italy), equipped with a flame-ionization detector and a 30-m × 0.53-mm ID × 0.53-μm df capillary column (Trace TR Wax, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vienna, Austria). The detailed protocol, including sample preparation, can be obtained from Hartinger et al ( 2022 ). The ammonia concentration was analyzed using the Berthelot reaction (Hinds and Lowe 1980 ) and lactic acid concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (UltiMate 3000 HPLC system, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vienna, Austria) according to Weiß and Kaiser ( 1995 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of anaerobic fungi culture supernatant or mixed ruminal fluid as novel silage additives

Hartinger

Fliegerová

Zebeli

2022

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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This study investigated silage quality characteristics and ruminal fiber degradability of grass and straw ensiled with either anaerobic fungi (AF) supernatant with active fungal enzymes or mixed ruminal fluid as novel silage additives. Compared to control silages, AF supernatant improved the quality of grass and straw silages as evidenced by decreased pH, acetic acid concentration, and dry matter losses. Likewise, mixed ruminal fluid enhanced lactic acid fermentation, which further resulted in lower pH of the treated grass silage. The ruminal fiber degradability was determined using in situ incubations and, compared to controls, the cellulose degradability was higher for grass silage with AF supernatant, whereas ruminal degradability of straw silage was reduced by this treatment. In contrast, mixed ruminal fluid did not influence fiber degradability of silages in the rumen. Concluding, both novel additives improved silage quality, whereas only AF supernatant enhanced ruminal fiber degradability of grass silage and therefore may represent an approach for improving forage utilization by ruminants. Key points • Enzymes of anaerobic fungi supernatant improve quality of grass and straw silages. • Mixed ruminal fluid enhances lactic acid fermentation when ensiling grass and straw. • Enzymes of anaerobic fungi supernatant increase ruminal grass silage degradability.

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“…Picky eating means that cows ate more concentrate and less forage diets, potentially affecting the stable rumen fermentation environment. Ruminal pH, NH3-N and VFAs, and bacterial flora abundance and diversity are the main indicators used to evaluate the rumen fermentation function [ 24 , 25 ], and the stabilized ruminal microbial community is primarily important for the proper rumen environment [ 26 ]. According to our results, there were no significant differences in rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, VFA indicators, or rumen bacterial alpha diversity between FT and CON cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed tossing behaviour of Holstein cows: evaluation of physiological stress state and rumen fermentation function

et al. 2022

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Background Abnormal or stereotyped behaviours in dairy cows are common in large-scale indoor farms and are usually accompanied by high physiological stress levels. Feed tossing is an abnormal behaviour commonly seen in cows while being fed, making farm management difficult. However, the reasons behind this behaviour have not been sufficiently reported. The objective of this study was to explore the changes in rumen fermentation, serum indicators, inflammatory conditions and the performance of cows with feed tossing behaviour. Holstein cows with similar lactation stages in the same barn were subjected to behaviour observations two times per day for 21 consecutive days. Ten cows with feed tossing behaviour (FT) and ten cows without abnormal behaviours (CON) were selected for further sampling. Plasma samples, rumen fluid, milk yield data of cows, and an indoor environment temperature-humidity index (THI) were collected. Results There was no significant difference in average daily milk yield during the observation period between feed-tossing cows (n = 68) and the other cows (n = 112). The number of cows showing FT behaviour had a moderately strong negative linear correlation with the THI of the environment. Compared to the CON cows, the FT cows had higher cortisol, norepinephrine and urea nitrogen levels in plasma, as well as higher plasma levels of inflammatory indicators, including total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase levels, and the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase. The FT cows had no significant variations from the CON cows regarding their rumen fermentation indicators, such as pH, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids. In addition, 16S rRNA analysis revealed that there might be no clear association between the diversity and abundance of rumen bacteria and feed tossing behaviour. Conclusions Our findings suggested that cows might have suffered from high levels of physiological stress and immune state for a long period when they exhibited FT behaviour. The environmental THI could affect the FT behaviour of cows; as the THI increases, the willingness of cows to throw decreases. This work provided the first evidence that feed tossing might be a response associated with high levels of physiological stress and immune. It also explored our insights into a commonly observed behavioural response to cow welfare traits.

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Short-term exposure to the mycotoxins zearalenone or fumonisins affects rumen fermentation and microbiota, and health variables in cattle

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Adverse Effects of Fusarium Toxins in Ruminants: A Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Adverse Effects of Fusarium Toxins in Ruminants: A Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Suitability of anaerobic fungi culture supernatant or mixed ruminal fluid as novel silage additives

Feed tossing behaviour of Holstein cows: evaluation of physiological stress state and rumen fermentation function

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