Adverse Effects of Fusarium Toxins in Ruminants: A Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Gallo, Antonio; Mosconi, Martina; Trevisi, Erminio; Santos, Regiane R.

doi:10.3390/dairy3030035

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…The mycotoxin DON can cause numerous problems in animals, including gastrointestinal disorders, soft stools, immunodepression, and a general decrease in performance due to feed refusal [ 26 ]. ZEA is a mycotoxin that has an estrogenic effect that leads to disturbance of the estrous cycle, pathological changes in the reproductive tract of males and females, decreased fertility, decreased neonatal survival in females and offspring, and impaired spermatogenesis [ 27 ].…”

Section: Concepts Of Mycotoxins and Current Context In Dairy Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins evaluation of total mixed ration (TMR) in bovine dairy farms: An update

Martins,

Lemos,

Silva

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Concepts Of Mycotoxins and Current Context In Dairy Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins evaluation of total mixed ration (TMR) in bovine dairy farms: An update

Martins,

Lemos,

Silva

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…Due to forcing the regressions through the origin, the final minimum OLS and, consequently, the RSE became larger, albeit only slightly and at a generally higher level for Experiment 1 compared with Experiment 2 (Figure A1, Table 2). A11C <0.001 30 1 The exposure thresholds were derived from the intercepts of the lower limit of the prediction interval from linear regressions of DON residue levels in physiological specimens on DON exposure on abscissa. Abbreviations: DM, dry matter; BW, body weight; RSE, residual standard error of regression.…”

Section: Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common Fusarium sp.-derived contaminant of feedstuffs for cows [1][2][3]. In particular, maize-originating feedstuffs, such as maize grain and maize silage, are significant sources of exposure for dairy cows [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Oral Exposure of Dairy Cows to the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol (DON) through Toxin Residues in Blood and Other Physiological Matrices with a Special Focus on Sampling Size for Future Predictions

Dänicke

Kersten

Billenkamp

et al. 2023

Dairy

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Evaluation of dairy cow exposure to DON can generally be managed through analyses of feed or physiological specimens for DON residues. The latter enables a diagnosis not only on an individual basis but also on a herd basis. For this purpose, on the basis of published data, linear regression equations were derived for blood, urine, milk, and bile relating DON residue levels as predictor variables to DON exposure. Amongst the matrices evaluated, blood was identified to reflect the inner exposure to DON most reliably on toxicokinetic backgrounds, which was supported by a linear relationship between DON residues in blood and DON exposure. On the basis of this, and because of extended blood data availability, the derived regressions were validated using internal and external data, demonstrating a reasonable concordance. For all matrices evaluated, the ultimately recommended linear regression equations intercepted the origin and enabled the prediction of the DON exposure to be expected within the prediction intervals. DON exposure (µg/kg body weight/d) can be predicted by multiplying the DON residues (ng/mL) in blood by 2.52, in urine by 0.022, and in milk by 2.47. The span of the prediction intervals varied according to the dispersion of the observations and, thus, also considered apparent outliers that were not removed from the datasets. The reasons were extensively discussed and included toxicokinetic aspects. In addition, the suggestions for sample size estimation for future characterization of the mean exposure level of a given herd size were influenced by expectable variation in the data. It was concluded that more data are required for all specimens to further qualify the preliminary prediction equations.

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“…This fungus produces fumonisin mycotoxins, which can cause a range of health problems, including neurological disorders, liver and kidney damage, and reduced growth rates. 57 Another Fusarium species that can infect dairy calves is Fusarium graminearum , which produces deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxins. It is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis and can cause feed refusal, vomiting, and diarrhea in dairy calves.…”

Section: Eukaryotic Infections In Dairy Calvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eukaryotic Infections in Dairy Calves: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention and Control

Robi,

Mossie,

Temteme

2023

VMRR

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Eukaryotic infections are common among dairy calves and can have significant impacts on their health and growth rates. Fungal infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton verrucosum , and Candida albicans can cause respiratory diseases, dermatophytosis, and diarrhea, respectively. Protozoan parasites, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis , and Eimeria spp ., are also common in dairy calves. C. parvum is highly contagious and can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration, while Giardia duodenalis can lead to poor growth and is transmissible to humans through contaminated food or water. Eimeria spp . can cause coccidiosis and lead to reduced growth rates, poor feed conversion, and death. The common helminthic infections in dairy calves include Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia spp., Fasciola hepatica , and Strongyloides papillosus . These parasitic infections significantly impact calf health, growth, and dairy industry productivity. Diagnosis of these infections can be made through fecal samples using microscopy or molecular methods. However, diagnosis of the infections can be challenging and requires a combination of clinical signs and laboratory tests such as culture and PCR. Preventing and controlling eukaryotic infections in dairy calves requires several measures. Good hygiene and sanitation practices, proper management strategies, and timely treatment of affected animals are important. It is also necessary to avoid overcrowding and consider vaccination against ringworm. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology and characterization of eukaryotic infections in dairy calves, which will help in the development of more effective prevention and control strategies. In general, good hygiene practices, appropriate management strategies, and timely treatment of affected animals are crucial in preventing and controlling the infections, ensuring the health and well-being of dairy calves.

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Adverse Effects of Fusarium Toxins in Ruminants: A Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Cited by 15 publications

References 179 publications

Mycotoxins evaluation of total mixed ration (TMR) in bovine dairy farms: An update

Mycotoxins evaluation of total mixed ration (TMR) in bovine dairy farms: An update

Estimation of Oral Exposure of Dairy Cows to the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol (DON) through Toxin Residues in Blood and Other Physiological Matrices with a Special Focus on Sampling Size for Future Predictions

Eukaryotic Infections in Dairy Calves: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention and Control

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