Short-term exercise training early in life restores deficits in pancreatic β-cell mass associated with growth restriction in adult male rats

Abstract

Fetal growth restriction is associated with reduced pancreatic β-cell mass, contributing to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Exercise training increases β-cell mass in animals with diabetes and has long-lasting metabolic benefits in rodents and humans. We studied the effect of exercise training on islet and β-cell morphology and plasma insulin and glucose, following an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) in juvenile and adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats born small. Bilateral uterine vessel ligation performed on day 18 of pregnancy resulted in Restricted offspring born small compared with sham-operated Controls and also sham-operated Reduced litter offspring that had their litter size reduced to five pups at birth. Restricted, Control, and Reduced litter offspring remained sedentary or underwent treadmill running from 5 to 9 or 20 to 24 wk of age. Early life exercise increased relative islet surface area and β-cell mass across all groups at 9 wk, partially restoring the 60–68% deficit ( P < 0.05) in Restricted offspring. Remarkably, despite no further exercise training after 9 wk, β-cell mass was restored in Restricted at 24 wk, while sedentary littermates retained a 45% deficit ( P = 0.05) in relative β-cell mass. Later exercise training also restored Restricted β-cell mass to Control levels. In conclusion, early life exercise training in rats born small restored β-cell mass in adulthood and may have beneficial consequences for later metabolic health and disease.

Effect of Crocin and Voluntary Exercise on P53 Protein in Pancreas of Type2 Diabetic Rats

“…31 Studies indicated which exercise training promoted β-cell growth dramatically and growth restricted animals had partial β-cell mass restoration (by 60-68%) if they were regularly exercising. 32 Kiraly et al (2007) demonstrated that swimming exercise in type 2 diabetic rats elevates β-cell mass by increasing the number of β-cells per. 19 In the present study, β-cell apoptosis through measuring of p53 levels in pancreas tissue of type 2 diabetic rats were decreased by voluntary running.…”

Transgenerational metabolic outcomes associated with uteroplacental insufficiency

“…Plasma glucose concentrations were measured in duplicate using a scaled-down version of the enzymatic fluorometric analysis (Laker et al 2011, Gallo et al 2012b. Plasma insulin concentrations were measured in duplicate using a commercially available rat insulin RIA kit (Millipore, Abacus ALS, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Siebel et al 2008, Wadley et al 2008, Laker et al 2011, Gallo et al 2012b.…”

“…Plasma insulin concentrations were measured in duplicate using a commercially available rat insulin RIA kit (Millipore, Abacus ALS, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Siebel et al 2008, Wadley et al 2008, Laker et al 2011, Gallo et al 2012b. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were measured in duplicate on an automated centrifugal analyzer (Cobas Integra 400, Roche Diagnostics).…”

“…Glucose and insulin area under curve (AUC) were calculated as the total AUC from basal to 120 min for IPGTT and glucose AUC from basal to 60 min for IC. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from fasting glucose and insulin values obtained before the glucose bolus: HOMA-IRZfasting plasma insulin (mU/ml)!fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)/22.5 (Matthews et al 1985, Laker et al 2011.…”

“…This association has been conceptualized by the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, whereby alterations in the fetal and postnatal environments influence the development of key metabolic organs involved, leading to reduced insulin secretion and sensitivity and impaired glucose tolerance in adult life. We have previously shown that maternal uteroplacental insufficiency was associated with impaired glucose tolerance, reduced insulin secretion, and a 40-45% reduction in b-cell mass in adult first-generation (F1) growth-restricted male offspring , Wadley et al 2008, Laker et al 2011. By contrast, F1 growth-restricted females displayed normal glucose tolerance despite reduced basal insulin secretion and a 36% decrease in b-cell mass (Wadley et al 2008, Gallo et al 2012b.…”